Conductas de riesgo, síntomas depresivos, auto y heteroagresión en una muestra de adolescentes escolarizados en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile, 2007

Abstract

The aim of this study is to corroborate a reference framework that relates parental styles with drugs consumption, depression, self and other aggressive behaviors. We found that parents' acceptance correlates positively with adolescents' initiative and negatively with depressive and suicidal symptoms; psychological control with depression and behavioral control with antisocial behavior. Material and Methods: The CNAP+ (Cross National Adolescent Program) questionnaire (version CNAP Plus) was adapted in interaction with its author; and then was applied to a representative, random, three-stages sample of the Metropolitan Region (n = 1.447). Results: The worse the relation with parents, the higher the consumption, depression, suicidal ideation and hetero aggressive behaviors. Spearman's correlation coefficients were found in the same direction of a previous transcultural CNAP study. Frequent consumption of alcohol was found in 26.9%, of tobacco in 31.2%, of marihuana in 6.9% and of cocaine or other drugs in 2.3% of the sample studied. The same sample has suicide ideation 7.76% and depressive symptoms 6.9%. Self aggression prevailed among women and hetero aggression among men. With age there was an increase in alcohol consumption (χ 2 = 107.95, p = 0.0001), of tobacco (χ 2 = 63.02, p = 0.0001), of marihuana (χ 2 = 18.78, p = 0.001) and of cocaine (χ 2 = 8.995, p = 0.06). There is differential by age in violent behaviors, suicide ideation or depressive

Criação parental, dificuldades interpessoais e consumo de drogas

“…Having consumed alcohol at least once and within the last year also showed lower perception of upbringing in consumers of this drug. This is similar to findings reported by other authors (5)(6)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) who mention that the offspring's negative perception of his parents, lack of communication and little show of support are related to drug use.…”

“…Studies conducted in Mexico (2,(8)(9)(10) , Spain (5,(11)(12) , Colombia (13) , China (14) , Chile (15) , Peru (16) and the United States (6) explain the relationship between the three variables, although the findings are not consistent as there is a lack of knowledge of this phenomenon and therefore the objectives of this study are: 1) To discover the overall, temporal, current and instantaneous prevalence of tobacco, alcohol and illegal drug consumption in adolescent pupils;…”

Soledad, impulsividad, consumo de alcohol y su relación con suicidalidad en adolescentes

“…Chile no dispone de tasas de prevalencia de intentos ni de ideas suicidas en la población general a nivel nacional. Sólo cuenta con información proveniente de estudios en adolescentes estudiantes de enseñanza media de algunas comunas y ciudades del país que describen prevalencias de vida de intentos suicidas de entre 14,2% y 19,0% y prevalencias en los últimos 12 meses de ideas suicidas (de diferente severidad) de 7 a 62% [10][11][12][13][14] . En la actualidad no existen dudas de que la suicidalidad, entendida como un constructo que abarca las ideas suicidas, los intentos de suicidio y el suicidio, está determinada por la interrelación de diferentes factores entre los que se incluyen los aspectos demográficos, genéticos, biológicos, psiquiátricos, psicológicos, familiares y sociales [15][16][17][18][19][20] .…”

El consumo de drogas como sostén narcisista en la adolescencia

“…Introducción Desde la mirada científica, la adolescencia es concebida como un período crítico del desarrollo (Faundez, Vinet, 2009) y del aprendizaje (Iglesias, 2013), donde se cuestiona la propia identidad (Maturana, 2011) y se es más susceptible a involucrarse con tóxicos (Chavez, 2012) y el consumo de alcohol (Vicencio, 2013). Se trata de un quiebre respecto del comportamiento del niño, caracterizado en ocasiones por una rebeldía (Parreño et al, 2011) representada en un sentimiento de indestructibilidad, inmunidad (Aacaporg, 2015) e individualidad (Ugas, 2010), que regularmente ubican al adolescente al alero de conductas riesgosas (Florenzano et al, 2007), entre las que se incluye usar su propio cuerpo como superficie (Ugas, 2010).…”