Conducting nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond coating for highly structural stable anode materials in lithium ion battery

Cheng, Yin; Pandey, Rajiv K.; Li, Yi Chang; Chen, Chun Hung; Peng, Bo; Huang, Jidong; Chen, Yi Xiu; Liu, Chuan Pu

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104811

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Graphitic carbon coatings on silicon provide electrical conductivity between silicon particles and with the current collector of the anode. Graphitic nanocarbons such as electrically conductive nanocarbon films, nanoparticles, fibers, CNTs, graphene, and graphitized polymers are examples [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. We have reported plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of sponge-like graphene-nanowall coatings on silicon particles, direct growth of graphitic nanocarbon films including CNTs on silicon flakes, and the application of thermally oxidized silicon for enhancing the physical integrity of silicon flakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of SiC and Resorcinol–Formaldehyde (RF) Carbon Coatings on Silicon-Flake-Based Anode of Lithium Ion Battery

Tzeng

Jhan

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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Silicon flakes of about 100 × 1000 × 1000 nm in sizes recycled from wastes of silicon wafer manufacturing processes were coated with combined silicon carbide (SiC) and graphitic (Resorcinol–Formaldehyde (RF)) carbon coatings to serve as active materials of the anode of lithium ion battery (LIB). Thermal carbonization of silicon at 1000 °C for 5 h forms 5-nm SiC encapsulating silicon flakes. SiC provides physical strength to help silicon flakes maintain physical integrity and isolating silicon from irreversible reactions with the electrolyte. Lithium diffuses through SiC before alloying with silicon. The SiC buffer layer results in uniform alloying reactions between lithium and silicon on the surface around a silicon flake. RF carbon coatings provide enhanced electrical conductivity of SiC encapsulated silicon flakes. We characterized the coatings and anode by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS), and electrical resistance measurements. Coin half-cells with combined SiC and RF carbon coatings exhibit an initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 76% and retains a specific capacity of 955 mAh/g at 100th cycle and 850 mAh/g at 150th cycle of repetitive discharge and charge operation. Pre-lithiation of the anode increases the ICE to 97%. The SiC buffer layer reduces local stresses caused by non-uniform volume changes and improves the capacity retention and the cycling life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UNCD isolates silicon from reactions with the electrolyte to form lithium hexafluorosilicate (Li 2 SiF 6 ) aggregates during cycling. The reaction is irreversible resulting in premature failure of LIBs [ 29 , 30 ]. Silicon oxide and silicon carbide in proper structures might play roles similar to UNCD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of SiC and Resorcinol–Formaldehyde (RF) Carbon Coatings on Silicon-Flake-Based Anode of Lithium Ion Battery

Tzeng

Jhan

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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“…Diamond batteries and SCs such as electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are thus highly stable and can be operated at extreme conditions (e.g., low/high temperatures, strong acidic/alkaline media). For example, diamond electrodes have been employed as stable anodes to fabricate lithium-ion batteries. , Note that SCs have high power densities but relatively low energy densities, while batteries deliver high energy densities but suffer from low power densities. These bottlenecks hinder practical applications of both SCs and batteries.…”

Section: Diamond Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Diamond Electrodes

Yang

Jiang

2022

Acc. Chem. Res.

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Conspectus Diamond electrodes stepped onto the stage in the early 1990s for electroanalytical applications. They possess the features of long-term chemical inertness, wide potential windows, low and stable background currents, high microstructural stability at different potentials and in different media, varied activity toward different electroactive species, reliable electrochemical response of redox systems without conventional pretreatment, high resistance to surface fouling in most cases, and possibility of forming composites with different components such as other carbon materials, carbides, and oxidizes. Most diamond electrodes are prepared in microcrystalline or nanocrystalline form using chemical vapor deposition techniques. Starting from diamond films and diamond composites, numerous nanostructured diamond electrodes have also been produced. The features of diamond electrodes are therefore heavily dependent on the growth conditions and post-treatment procures that are applied on diamond electrodes such as introduced dopant(s), surface termination(s), surface functional group(s), added components, and final structure(s). Numerous applications of diamond electrodes have been explored in the fields of electrochemical sensing, electrosynthesis, electrocatalysis, electrochemical energy storage and conversion, devices, and environmental degradation. This Account summarizes our strategies to design different diamond electrodes, including diamond films, diamond composites, as well as their nanostructures. With respect to diamond films, the modulation of their dopant(s) and surface termination(s) as well as the attachment of functional modifier(s) onto their surface are discussed. Electrochemical hydrogenation and oxygenation of diamond electrodes are detailed at an atomic scale. As the examples of designing diamond electrodes at a molecular scale, photochemical and electrochemical attachment of modifier(s) onto diamond electrodes are shown. Moreover, electrochemical grafting of diazonium salts is proposed as a new technique to identify hydrogenated, hydroxylated, and oxygenated terminations of diamond electrodes. The introduction of additional component(s) into a diamond film to form diamond composites is then overviewed, where a hydrogen-induced selective growth model is proposed to elucidate the preparation of diamond/β-SiC composites. Subsequently, the production of various diamond nanostructures from diamond films and composites by means of top-down, bottom-up, and template-free approaches is shown. Electrochemical application examples of diamond electrodes are overviewed, covering direct electrochemistry of natural Cytochrome c on a hydroxylated diamond surface, sensitive electrochemical DNA biosensing on tip-functionalized diamond nanowires, and construction of high-performance supercapacitors using diamond electrodes and redox electrolytes. Our diamond supercapacitors, also named battery-like diamond supercapacitors or diamond supercabatteries, are highlighted since they combine the features of supercapac...

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“…Synthesis of graphene nanowalls directly and vertically on the silicon surface, after removing native oxide, provides both a carbon interfacial layer and outward extending graphene as extra electrical interconnections [20]. The thermal CVD of nanocarbon films and CNT has also been studied [31][32][33]]. An ideal carbon interfacial layer is to provide excellent electrical conductivity, provide necessary buffer space for the volume expansion of silicon, and isolate the fresh surface of pulverized silicon from reactions with electrolyte, to form additional SEI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of In Situ Graphitic Nanocarbon Coatings on Cycling Performance of Silicon-Flake-Based Anode of Lithium Ion Battery

et al. 2021

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We coated graphitic nanocarbons by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on silicon flakes recycled from the waste of silicon wafer manufacturing processes as an active material for the anode of lithium ion battery (LIB). Ferrocene contains both iron catalyst and carbon, while camphor serves as an additional carbon source. Water vapor promotes catalytic growth of nanocarbons, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon fibers (CFs), and carbon films made of graphitic carbon nanoparticles, at temperatures ranging from 650 to 850 °C. The container of silicon flakes rotates for uniform coatings on silicon flakes of about 100 nm thick and 800–1000 nm in lateral dimensions. Due to short CVD time, besides CNTs and CFs, surfaces of silicon flakes deposit with high-density graphitic nanoparticles, especially at a low temperature of 650 °C. Nanocarbon coatings were characterized by SEM, EDX, ESCA, and Raman spectroscopy. Half-cells were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and retention of capacity in discharge/charge cycling. Silicon-flake-based anode with nanocarbon coatings at both 650 and 850 °C exhibited capacity retention of 2000 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 C, without needing any conductivity enhancement material such as Super P.

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Conducting nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond coating for highly structural stable anode materials in lithium ion battery

Cited by 14 publications

References 55 publications

Effects of SiC and Resorcinol–Formaldehyde (RF) Carbon Coatings on Silicon-Flake-Based Anode of Lithium Ion Battery

Effects of SiC and Resorcinol–Formaldehyde (RF) Carbon Coatings on Silicon-Flake-Based Anode of Lithium Ion Battery

Rational Design of Diamond Electrodes

Effects of In Situ Graphitic Nanocarbon Coatings on Cycling Performance of Silicon-Flake-Based Anode of Lithium Ion Battery

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