Conducting polymer-based flexible thermoelectric materials and devices: From mechanisms to applications

Three‐dimensional knotting of W17O47@PEDOT:PSS nanowires enables high‐performance flexible cathode for dual‐functional electrochromic and electrochemical device

“…wTo meet the ever-rising demands for energy source and management in portable and wearable electronics, internet of things (IOT) and smart window, there is an apparent need for an efficient integration electrochromic and energy-storage. [1][2][3][4] The dual-or multifunctionalities include energy-saving, storage and self-powering, where one example is the flexible dual-functional electrochromic/electrochemical devices (FDEDs). [5][6][7][8] Recently, several different electrode materials, such as transition metal oxides (TMOs including WO 3 , NiO, MnO 2 , V 2 O 5 ), and conducting polymers (polyaniline [PANI], polypyrrole [PPy], and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) [PEDOT]), have been demonstrated to exhibit both electrochromic and pseudocapacitive/battery properties.…”

Camphor sulfonic acid incorporation in SnO2/polyaniline nanocomposites for improved thermoelectric energy conversion

“…Recently, π-conjugated conducting polymer-based materials have gained extensive importance as substitutes to traditional inorganic thermoelectric materials due to their intrinsic low thermal conductivity, along with their low cost, flexibility, easy synthesis, and facile processing into a versatile form. 13–17 Among the π-conjugated conducting polymer family, PANI is a member with brilliant electrical conductivity, which can evolve as a potential TE material. Nevertheless, the power factor of conducting polymers is relatively much lower than that of inorganic TE materials due to their lower thermopower ( S ).…”

Advances in conducting polymer-based thermoelectric materials and devices

“…With the depletion of indispensable non-renewable energy sources such as petroleum and natural gas, extensive investigations focus on sustainable technologies for harvesting green energy from wind, solar, bioenergy, and waste heat [1] . Thermoelectric (TE) materials and devices, with the capability for direct conversion between heat and electricity, show great potentials as sustainable and green technologies [2][3][4][5][6] . In order to evaluate the TE potential of a material, a dimensionless figure of merit ZT is defined by ZT = S 2 σTκ -1 , where S is the Seebeck coefficient, σ is the electric conductivity, T is the absolute temperature, and κ is the thermal conductivity.…”