Conducting Polymer Nanowire Arrays for High Performance Supercapacitors

Wang, Kai; Wu, Haiping; Meng, Yin‐Shan; Wei, Zhixiang

doi:10.1002/smll.201301991

Cited by 721 publications

(413 citation statements)

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“…[ 15 ] The low electron conductivity of transition metal oxides leads to inferior rate capability. [ 16 ] In the search for high performance electrode materials, transition-metal sulfi des have been extensively studied as new class of pseudocapacitive materials for supercapacitors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

NiCo₂S₄ Nanosheets Grown on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Foams as an Advanced Electrode for Supercapacitors

Shen¹,

Wang²,

Xu³

et al. 2014

Advanced Energy Materials

775

381

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mers usually suffer from poor cyclic stability in long term charge-discharge processes. [ 15 ] The low electron conductivity of transition metal oxides leads to inferior rate capability. [ 16 ] In the search for high performance electrode materials, transition-metal sulfi des have been extensively studied as new class of pseudocapacitive materials for supercapacitors. [17][18][19][20] In particular, NiCo 2 S 4 possess higher electrochemical activity and higher capacity than mono-metal sulphides based on richer redox reactions. [ 21,22 ] More signifi cantly, NiCo 2 S 4 exhibited an excellent electrical conductivity, at least two orders of magnitude higher than that of NiCo 2 O 4 . [ 23 ] The development of novel nanostructured materials will effectively improve the utilization of active materials because of their high surface area, and short electron-and ion-transport pathways. Several different types of NiCo 2 S 4 nanostructures, including nanoplates, [ 24 ] nanoprisms, [ 25 ] nanotubes, [ 26,27 ] microspheres, [ 28 ] have been recently synthesized and their electrochemical performance was investigated. For example, Lou et al. [ 25 ] reported the fabrication of Ni x Co 3-x S 4 hollow nanoprisms through a simple sacrifi cial template method and a high reversible capacity (895 F g −1 under 1 A g −1 ) can be achieved. However, it should be noted that the introduction of a conductive agent and a polymer binder during the thin fi lm electrode preparation not only increase extra contact resistance but also inevitably compromises the overall energy storage capacity that still seriously limit their performance. [ 29,30 ] Three dimensional (3D) electrode architectures have emerged as a new direction because it can provide 3D interconnected network of both electron and ion pathways, allowing for effi cient charge and mass exchange during faradic redox reactions. Greatly enhanced performance has kindled the interest of researchers in the fi eld of 3D electrode architectures designs, such as copper pillar array, [ 31 ] nickel network, [ 32,33 ] stainless steel mesh, [ 34 ] carbonaceous interpenetrating structures. [ 35 ] The rigid electrode with metals as current collectors lead to the devices less fl exible, and they also have a low energy density. Carbon nanotubes sponge and graphene foams have been recently fabricated using chemical vapor deposition and used as electrode architectures for supercapacitors. [36][37][38] However, it is diffi cult to produce carbonaceous foams in large-scale because of their relatively high-cost and complex preparation processes. Additionally, due to the potential incompatibility issue between To push the energy density limit of supercapacitors, a new class of electrode materials with favorable architectures is strongly needed. Binary metal sulfi des hold great promise as an electrode material for high-performance energy storage devices because they offer higher electrochemical activity and higher capacity than mono-metal sulfi des. Here, the rational design and fabrication of NiCo 2 S 4 nan...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

NiCo₂S₄ Nanosheets Grown on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Foams as an Advanced Electrode for Supercapacitors

Shen¹,

Wang²,

Xu³

et al. 2014

Advanced Energy Materials

775

381

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“…Flexible solid-state supercapacitors represent a new type of supercapacitor that can work under consecutive bending, stretching and even twisting states [3][4][5]. However, it remains a large challenge to obtain a flexible solid-state supercapacitor with high electrochemical performance and superior flexibility.…”

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confidence: 99%

Conducting polymer hydrogel materials for high-performance flexible solid-state supercapacitors

et al. 2016

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Different from solid electrodes, conducting polymer hydrogel electrodes swollen with water and ions, can reach contact with the electrolyte solution at the molecular level, which will result in more efficient electrochemical process of supercapacitors. Besides, the inherent soft nature of hydrogel material offers the electrode superior flexibility, which benefits to gain high flexibility for devices. Here, this perspective briefly introduces the current research progress in the field of conducting polymer hydrogel electrodes-based flexible solid-state supercapacitor and gives an outlook on the future trend of research.Keywords: Conducting polymer hydrogels, flexible supercapacitor, soft electrode, polyaniline, integrated device Nowadays, flexible energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors) have received widely attentions as the rapid progress of flexible and wearable electronics [1,2]. Flexible solid-state supercapacitors represent a new type of supercapacitor that can work under consecutive bending, stretching and even twisting states [3][4][5]. However, it remains a large challenge to obtain a flexible solid-state supercapacitor with high electrochemical performance and superior flexibility. The performance of a flexible supercapacitor mainly depends on the properties of electrode materials and the device configuration [6]. The electrode materials of supercapacitor include various nanocarbons, conducting polymers and transition metal oxides [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Conducting polymer electrodes possess several merits, such as high electric conductivity, large capacitance, inherent flexibility and easy to processing [13][14][15][16][17][18]. However, the separations of the molecular chains in conducting polymers are generally small relative to the double layer thickness, which results in low capacitance [19]. Besides, the low ionic mobility in the polymer matrix reduces the maximum power density of such electrodes [20].On the other hand, the current device configuration of the flexible solid-state supercapacitor somewhat hinders the device to gain better performance. Generally, a flexible solid-state supercapacitor consists of a "sandwich" laminated structure, including two flexible solid electrodes and the middle gel polymer electrolyte layer [21]. In terms of this structure, the solid electrode materials hardly make a sufficient contact with the gel polymer electrolyte that possesses large viscosity and poor diffusion, which results in low capacitance and sluggish the electrochemical response.Hydrogel is made up of solid three-dimensional polymeric networks and large amounts of water medium [22]. Generally, the hydrogels are employed as solid-state electrolyte of supercapacitors, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel polymer electrolyte. Recently, conducting polymer hydrogels were used as electrode materials for supercapacitors instead of traditional solid electrodes [19,[23][24][25]. This "aqua material electrode" is conducting polymer matrix swollen with water and ions, which hence produce a...

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“…[54][55][56][57][58] Nevertheless, repeated swelling/shrinking during charging/discharging process is apt to cause their structural change, leading to unsatisfactory cyclic stability. [59][60][61] Up to now, three effective strategies have been explored to improve their electrochemical performance and cyclic stability: i) nanostructuring, ii) hybridization with carbon nanomaterials, and iii) hybridization with pseudo-capacitive transition metal oxides. Below, we provide a detailed introduction on the latest research advances for these three strategies.…”

Section: Conducting-polymer-based Materials For Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting‐Polymer‐Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

et al. 2017

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and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). The highly conjugated polymer chains can be reversibly assigned electrochemical properties by a doping/dedoping process. [9][10][11] By regulating and controlling the level of doping, their conductivities can be tuned in a wide range, from 10 −10 to 10 4 S cm, spanning the entire range from insulators to semiconductors, to conductors. [12,13] Additionally, these conducting polymers retain the advantages of traditional polymers, such as low cost, convenient preparation, good affinity to many other materials, and high flexibility and durability. Recently, great efforts have been made to exploit the applications of conducting polymers as electrocatalysts for fuel cells and as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Considering the rapidly booming efforts undertaken in this cutting-edge research area, it is necessary to highlight the new discoveries and achievements in the past several years. Here, we introduce the latest advances in conducting-polymer-based materials for fuel cells and supercapacitors, and focus on the strategies employed to improve their electrocatalytic and electrochemical performance. Conducting-Polymer-Based Catalysts for Fuel CellsFuel cells are promising green energy-conversion devices that convert chemical energy of various fuels directly into electric energy under electrochemical redox reactions. This technology provides intriguing applications in portable energy sources [14,15] and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. [16][17][18][19] Such energy-conversion systems require highly efficient electrocatalysts to trigger the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that occurs at the fuel cell's cathode. Platinum/ carbon (Pt/C) composite is demonstrated to be the most efficient catalyst used for fuel cells. [20][21][22] However, high price, scarcity, poor utilization efficiency, and easy carbon monoxide poisoning greatly limit its commercial applications. [23] Therefore, development of low-cost, stable, and efficient electrocatalysts for ORR is a major challenge in the field of fuel cells. [24][25][26][27][28] Owing to their highly tunable conductivity, good electrocatalytic activity, and satisfactory electrochemical stability, conducting polymers are considered to be promising electrocatalyst materials for the ORR. [29] Initially, conducting-polymer-based electrodes were fabricated through direct casting of neutral To alleviate the current energy crisis and environmental pollution, sustainable and ecofriendly energy conversion and storage systems are urgently needed. Due to their high conductivity, promising catalytic activity, and excellent electrochemical properties, conducting polymers have been attracting intense attention for use in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Here, the latest advances regarding the utilization of conducting polymers for fuel cells and supercapacitors are introduced. The strategies employed to improve the electrocatalytic and electrochemical performances of conducting-polymerbased materials are prese...

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Conducting Polymer Nanowire Arrays for High Performance Supercapacitors

Cited by 721 publications

References 160 publications

NiCo₂S₄ Nanosheets Grown on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Foams as an Advanced Electrode for Supercapacitors

NiCo₂S₄ Nanosheets Grown on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Foams as an Advanced Electrode for Supercapacitors

Conducting polymer hydrogel materials for high-performance flexible solid-state supercapacitors

Conducting‐Polymer‐Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

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Conducting Polymer Nanowire Arrays for High Performance Supercapacitors

Cited by 721 publications

References 160 publications

NiCo2S4 Nanosheets Grown on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Foams as an Advanced Electrode for Supercapacitors

NiCo2S4 Nanosheets Grown on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Foams as an Advanced Electrode for Supercapacitors

Conducting polymer hydrogel materials for high-performance flexible solid-state supercapacitors

Conducting‐Polymer‐Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

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NiCo₂S₄ Nanosheets Grown on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Foams as an Advanced Electrode for Supercapacitors

NiCo₂S₄ Nanosheets Grown on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Foams as an Advanced Electrode for Supercapacitors