Conducting Polymers as Elements of Miniature Biocompatible Sensor

Cabaj, Joanna; Sołoducho, Jadwiga

doi:10.5772/intechopen.75715

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Likewise producing organic nanopillars in photovoltaic devices enhance their performance [41]. Joanna Cabaj and Jadwiga Soloducho, 2018 [42]has nicely reviewed the role of nanoporous conductive polymers in biocompatible sensors. Figure . 2 shows organic electronic based sensing platform for body metabolites.…”

Section: Nanoporous Structures In Organic Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Porous Nanomaterial’s in Water Purification, Electronics, Drug Delivery and Storage: a Comprehensive Review

PRASAD¹,

BABU²,

SARMA³

et al. 2021

J. Optoelectron. Biomed. M.

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Nanoporous materials and their study gained tremendous significance in view of their potential applications such as drug delivery, water purification, biosensing, electronics and storage etc. Based on their synthesis with required shape and size make them application oriented. Nanoporous materials are materials with pore size of hundred nanometres or less. They have inorganic or organic framework supporting regular porous structure. The pores in these materials are occupied with fluid. These materials represent a transition from atom to solid in which pores of uniform shape and diameter need to be obtained for them to be used in some applications. Nanoporous materials possess specific electric, optical and magnetic properties that make them highly potential in applications related to signal transmission, energy, biological applications, catalysis, gas storage and medicine. In spite of existing nanoporous by nature tailored materials can be produced with combination of polymers with different melting points. A nanoporous material with accurate pore sizes allow certain matter to pass through, while blocking others. In view of their tailored properties they find extensive applications at present and in near future. Keeping this in mind, an attempt was made to review the potential applications of these materials with more emphasis on water treatment and drug delivery reported in the last five years in a nut shell.

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Section: Nanoporous Structures In Organic Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Porous Nanomaterial’s in Water Purification, Electronics, Drug Delivery and Storage: a Comprehensive Review

PRASAD¹,

BABU²,

SARMA³

et al. 2021

J. Optoelectron. Biomed. M.

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“…Conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PT), and polyethylenedioxide thiophene (PEDOT) have been widely used for bioelectrode development due to their biocompatibility and conductivity and the presence of tunable functionalities [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. However, their application in biodevices is limited for different reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, PEDOT is one of the most promising conductive polymers for bioelectrode development because it is biocompatible and presents good solubility properties if doped with PSS in order to avoid swelling and collapse in aqueous solutions. When doped with PSS, conductivity can reach up to 200 S/cm [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. But PEDOT synthesis usually involves the use of toxic reagents and complex procedures that are difficult to implement out of the lab scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and Conductive Bioelectrodes Based on Chitosan-Carbon Black Membranes: Towards the Development of Wearable Bioelectrodes

et al. 2021

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Wearable sensors for non-invasive monitoring constitute a growing technology in many industrial fields, such as clinical or sport monitoring. However, one of the main challenges in wearable sensing is the development of bioelectrodes via the use of flexible and stretchable materials capable of maintaining conductive and biocompatible properties simultaneously. In this study, chitosan-carbon black (CH-CB) membranes have been synthesized using a straightforward and versatile strategy and characterized in terms of their composition and their electrical and mechanical properties. In this sense, CH-CB membranes showed good conductivity and mechanical resistance thanks to the presence of carbon black, which decreases the insulating behavior of chitosan, while flexibility and biocompatibility are maintained due to the dual composition of the membrane. Thus, flexible and biocompatible conductive bioelectrodes have been developed by the combined use of CH and CB without the use of toxic reagents, extra energy input, or long reaction times. The membranes were modified using the enzymes Glucose Oxidase and Laccase in order to develop flexible and biocompatible bioelectrodes for enzymatic glucose biofuel cells (BFCs) and glucose detection. A BFC assembled using the flexible bioelectrodes developed was able to deliver 15 µW cm−2, using just 1 mM glucose as biofuel, and up to 21.3 µW·cm−2 with higher glucose concentration. Additionally, the suitability of the CH-CB membranes to be used as a glucose sensor in a linear range from 100 to 600 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 76 µM has been proven. Such demonstrations for energy harvesting and sensing capabilities of the developed membrane pave the way for their use in wearable sensing and energy harvesting technologies in the clinical field due to their good mechanical, electrical, and biocompatible properties.

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“…This aptamer is usually altered at the 5'-end by a molecule containing a group able to link to the surface of the electrode (for example, a thiol) and labelled at the opposite side (3'-end) with a redox probe, for instance, methylene blue (MB) [38], which has been widely used as label for DNA-based biosensors [39]. This type of aptasensor, also known as a "folding-based aptasensor", requires an alteration on the aptamer's conformation when the analyte is present [40], allowing to detect changes in the efficiency of the electron transfer, which relies upon the spacing that exists between the surface of the electrode and the redox probe.Conducting polymers, also known as the "fourth generation of polymeric materials", have become competitive materials for biosensing applications [41,42]. The first time that a polymer was electrochemically prepared and characterized was in 1862 by Letheby [43], who carried out the electrolytic oxidation of a sulphatic solution of aniline, obtaining polyaniline.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conducting polymers, also known as the "fourth generation of polymeric materials", have become competitive materials for biosensing applications [41,42]. The first time that a polymer was electrochemically prepared and characterized was in 1862 by Letheby [43], who carried out the electrolytic oxidation of a sulphatic solution of aniline, obtaining polyaniline.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Folding-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Determination of β-Lactoglobulin on Poly-L-Lysine Modified Graphite Electrodes

Amor-Gutiérrez

Selvolini

Fernández‐Abedul

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Nowadays, food allergy is a very important health issue, causing adverse reactions of the immune system when exposed to different allergens present in food. Because of this, the development of point-of-use devices using miniaturized, user-friendly, and low-cost instrumentation has become of outstanding importance. According to this, electrochemical aptasensors have been demonstrated as useful tools to quantify a broad variety of targets. In this work, we develop a simple methodology for the determination of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) in food samples using a folding-based electrochemical aptasensor built on poly-L-lysine modified graphite screen-printed electrodes (GSPEs) and an anti-β-lactoglobulin aptamer tagged with methylene blue (MB). This aptamer changes its conformation when the sample contains β-LG, and due to this, the spacing between MB and the electrode surface (and therefore the electron transfer efficiency) also changes. The response of this biosensor was linear for concentrations of β-LG within the range 0.1-10 ng·mL −1 , with a limit of detection of 0.09 ng·mL −1 . The biosensor was satisfactorily employed for the determination of spiked β-LG in real food samples.incidence of the most popular food allergies throughout Europe [13] revealed that allergy to cow's milk is, nowadays, the most frequent food allergy, especially in early-age children, implying a percentage of around 6% in the youngest population [14,15]. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) normally mediates cow's milk allergy, and the symptoms usually occur within 2 h after milk intake [16]. In whey from cow's milk, one of the most important proteins considered to be an allergen is β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), which is classified within the lipocalins, a group of binding proteins with small ligands [17]. Its quaternary structure, identified in 1997 using X-Ray diffraction [18], is dependent on the pH. For example, at pH values between 5.2 and 7.0, it is a dimer, and its molecular weight (MW) is around 37 kDa. However, at pH values over 8.0, it exists as a monomer, and its MW is approximately 18 kDa [19]. This protein has a great potential as milk allergen because it is remarkably stable and it is not present in human milk [20], and, apart from that, it is regularly used as an additive in lots of food products [21].The development of analytical approaches used to detect and quantify food allergens has become increasingly significant [22] because labeling in food is crucial for the consumers, in order to prevent major health problems. The analysis of allergens in food samples [23] is usually carried out by immunoassay-based approaches, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) [11,14,24] or lateral-flow immunoassays (LFIAs) [25,26], as well as DNA-based methods, which detect the genes encoding for the proteins using amplifying methods, for instance, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [27,28]. Proteomic tests have been also used for the determination of allergens [29]. Although these methods are very sensitive, they are time-consuming and the instrumenta...

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Conducting Polymers as Elements of Miniature Biocompatible Sensor

Cited by 5 publications

References 90 publications

Role of Porous Nanomaterial’s in Water Purification, Electronics, Drug Delivery and Storage: a Comprehensive Review

Role of Porous Nanomaterial’s in Water Purification, Electronics, Drug Delivery and Storage: a Comprehensive Review

Flexible and Conductive Bioelectrodes Based on Chitosan-Carbon Black Membranes: Towards the Development of Wearable Bioelectrodes

Folding-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Determination of β-Lactoglobulin on Poly-L-Lysine Modified Graphite Electrodes

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