Conducting Polymetallorotaxanes:  A Supramolecular Approach to Transition Metal Ion Sensors

Zhu, Shiyun; Carroll, and Patrick J.; Swager, Timothy M.

doi:10.1021/ja9619667

Cited by 205 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As a result of this sensitivity, conjugated polymers are promising as sensory materials (4,5); sensing may be accomplished by transducing and͞or amplifying physical or chemical changes into electrical, optical, or electrochemical signals. Conjugated polymers have been used to detect chemical species (chemosensors) (6), such as ions (7)(8)(9)(10)(11), gases (for example, trinitrotoluene) (6,(12)(13)(14), and other chemicals (15), or biomolecules such as proteins, antibodies (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27), and DNA (28-31), using electrical (13,15), chromic (7,8,(16)(17)(18)(19), electrochemical (7-9, 20-25, 28-31), photoluminescent (11,26), chemoluminescent (27), or gravimetric (14) responses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biosensors from conjugated polyelectrolyte complexes

Wang

Gong

Heeger

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

284

192

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A charge neutral complex (CNC) was formed in aqueous solution by combining an orange light emitting anionic conjugated polyelectrolyte and a saturated cationic polyelectrolyte at a 1:1 ratio (per repeat unit). Photoluminescence (PL) from the CNC can be quenched by both the negatively charged dinitrophenol (DNP) derivative, (DNP-BS ؊ ), and positively charged methyl viologen (MV 2؉ ). Use of the CNC minimizes nonspecific interactions (which modify the PL) between conjugated polyelectrolytes and biopolymers. Quenching of the PL from the CNC by the DNP derivative and specific unquenching on addition of anti-DNP antibody (anti-DNP IgG) were observed. Thus, biosensing of the anti-DNP IgG was demonstrated.C onjugated polymers are a versatile class of organic materials that promise utility in a variety of applications ranging from antistatic coatings, electrodes, and transistors, to light-emitting diodes, large area displays, photodetectors, photovoltaic cells, and lasers (1-3). The electrical, optical, and electrochemical properties of conjugated polymers can be modified by chemical synthesis and are strongly affected by relatively small perturbations, including changes in temperature, solvent, or chemical environment. As a result of this sensitivity, conjugated polymers are promising as sensory materials (4, 5); sensing may be accomplished by transducing and͞or amplifying physical or chemical changes into electrical, optical, or electrochemical signals. Conjugated polymers have been used to detect chemical species (chemosensors) (6), such as ions (7-11), gases (for example, trinitrotoluene) (6,(12)(13)(14), and other chemicals (15), or biomolecules such as proteins, antibodies (16-27), and DNA (28-31), using electrical (13, 15), chromic (7, 8, 16-19), electrochemical (7-9, 20-25, 28-31), photoluminescent (11, 26), chemoluminescent (27), or gravimetric (14) responses.Contemporary biosensor and bioassay developments have focused on mimicking natural host-receptor (''lock-and-key'') interactions. ''Lock-and-key'' molecular recognition can be between enzyme and substrate, ligand and receptor, antibody and antigen, or between two strands of nucleic acids with complementary sequences. Although antibody-based ELISAs are widely used for detection of biological species with high sensitivity, these assays are relatively labor-intensive and timeconsuming (hours to days) and require two different antibodies of defined specificities to adequately detect the target molecule (potentially making them cumbersome to perform) (32). Additionally, the detection of small molecules using ELISA can seldom be accomplished because of the recognition of one epitope by both capture and detection antibodies. Therefore, competition assays have to be performed that are both less accurate and more time consuming.Biosensors based on conjugated polymers as sensory materials exhibit real-time response [electrochemical (20-25) or optical (16-19, 26)] to the ligand-receptor recognition event. The coupling of a recognition event to photoinduced electron...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensors from conjugated polyelectrolyte complexes

Wang

Gong

Heeger

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

284

192

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“…For instance, bithiophene-bipyridine and bithiophene-phenanthroline monomers (Scheme 2) have been prepared and used for templatesynthesis of rotaxane monomers with phenanthroline macrocyclic compounds [36][37][38][39] In the first case, heteroaromatic ring has the polymerisable positions sterically blocked by macrocycle walls and polymerisation is impossible, while for the second case these positions are more accessible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically insulated molecular wires

Grigoraş¹,

Stafie²

2010

Supramolecular Chemistry

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“…4 The deposition of rotaxane molecules on solid surfaces 5,6 is a promising approach toward this purpose. Although the functionalization of the surface of solid materials, such as gold nanoparticles, 7 silica, 8 ITO electrodes, 9 and TiO 2 , 10 has been reported the effective introduction of interlocked molecules on the surface remains a challenge. In our previous research work, we reported synthesis of [2]rotaxanes composed of dibenzo [24]crown-8-ether and dialkylammonium with ferrocenyl and trisiloxysilyl or silsesquioxane terminal groups as well as their electrochemical properties.…”

Section: Rotaxanesmentioning

confidence: 99%