Conducting successful artificial insemination (AI) by laparotomy in African lion (Panthera leo)  

Abstract

Assisted reproduction technologies including artificial insemination could play an important role in preserving the population of the vulnerable species. In this study, we collected semen from two male lions by using urethral catheterization under general anesthesia. The provided semen was evaluated and a qualified sample with a volume of 0.4 milliliters was extended in a 1:4 ratio by using 1.6 milliliters of Tris-egg yolk-based extender. Stimulation of ovaries in three lionesses of the study was done by administration of 1000 IU of eCG. One hundred hours later, the expected signs of estrous were evident and 750 IU of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) was administered to induce ovulation. AI was conducted 36 hours after hCG injection through mid-line laparotomy and injecting 0.25 cc of diluted semen with a concentration of 1×106 spermatozoa into each uterine horn by using an angiocath. Exanimation of the uterine horns of the inseminated lionesses was done 60 days after insemination by ultrasonography. It was found that one lioness out of three (33%) was pregnant and had a twin in her uterine horns. The pregnancy lasted for 115 days and two cubs were born by the pregnant lioness.