Conduction Velocity and Diameter of Nerve Fibers

Hursh, John B.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1939.127.1.131

Cited by 883 publications

(456 citation statements)

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“…We show that in the zebrafish larva, terminal neuromasts are innervated by large-diameter afferent axons. The conduction velocity of myelinated axons in vertebrates increases linearly with their diameter (Hursh, 1939;Holmes, 1941;Goldman and Albus, 1968). Therefore, early-born neurons projecting from terminal neuromasts are likely to be fast conducing, making them well suited to produce the first and fastest lateral-line stimulus for the C-start response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Birth Order Identifies a Dimorphic Sensorineural Map

Pujol-Martí¹,

Zecca²,

Baudoin³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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Spatially distributed sensory information is topographically mapped in the brain by point-to-point correspondence of connections between peripheral receptors and central target neurons. In fishes, for example, the axonal projections from the mechanosensory lateral line organize a somatotopic neural map. The lateral line provides hydrodynamic information for intricate behaviors such as navigation and prey detection. It also mediates fast startle reactions triggered by the Mauthner cell. However, it is not known how the lateralis neural map is built to subserve these contrasting behaviors. Here we reveal that birth order diversifies lateralis afferent neurons in the zebrafish. We demonstrate that early-and late-born lateralis afferents diverge along the main axes of the hindbrain to synapse with hundreds of second-order targets. However, early-born afferents projecting from primary neuromasts also assemble a separate map by converging on the lateral dendrite of the Mauthner cell, whereas projections from secondary neuromasts never make physical contact with the Mauthner cell. We also show that neuronal diversity and map topology occur normally in animals permanently deprived of mechanosensory activity. We conclude that neuronal birth order correlates with the assembly of neural submaps, whose combination is likely to govern appropriate behavioral reactions to the sensory context.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Birth Order Identifies a Dimorphic Sensorineural Map

Pujol-Martí¹,

Zecca²,

Baudoin³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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“…Compared with other molecular communication approaches (e.g., molecular motors [12], calcium signaling [14] and bacteria communication [10]), neuron-based communication has such advantages as long distance coverage, high speed signaling (up to 90 m/s [8]) and low attenuation in signaling [6].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robustness in TDMA Scheduling for Neuron-based Molecular Communication

Suzuki

Budiman

2013

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Body Area Networks

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This paper proposes and evaluates an optimizer for neuronbased body-area nanonetworks (BANNs). The proposed optimizer leverages an evolutionary algorithm to seek the optimal trade-off between communication latency and robustness in TDMA-based neuronal signaling. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed optimizer efficiently obtains quality solutions and multiobjective analysis is critical in configuring neuron-based BANNs.

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“…For neocortex, myelinated axon conduction velocity is directly proportional to axon diameter [27][28][29], and so white matter axon conduction velocity scales as approximately the 1/8 5 0.125 power of total convoluted surface area (Table 1e), which is close to the exponent for cross-city travel speed. Unlike the direct proportionality between speed and conduit diameter for neocortex conduits, cross-city travel speed scales much more slowly than highway diameter [ Figure 1(c), and (although the slope confidence intervals are sufficiently high that neither a direct proportionality nor a square root law can be rejected).…”

Section: Cross-city Travel Speed and White Matter Axon Conduction Velmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common scaling laws for city highway systems and the mammalian neocortex

Changizi

Destefano

2009

Complexity

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A variety of scaling laws are known for the mammalian neocortex relating gray matter volume, total number of synapses [1,2], white matter volume [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], number of neurons [6,[10][11][12], surface area [4,5,[13][14][15][16], axon caliber [1,17], and number of cortical areas or compartments [18]. These neocortical scaling laws appear to be a consequence of selection pressure for a sheet-like structure (namely, gray matter) to economically maintain a high level of interconnectedness [1,2,19,20]. We might therefore expect to find similar scaling laws for any sheetlike structure under similar selection pressures, in which case the neocortex would be just an instance of a more general kind of structure.Here, we investigate city highway systems as a potential kind of network which may be driven by similar principles as the neocortex. In contrast to neurons, which are conduits for information-related signals on which brain computations rely, highways are conduits for physical materials and people. But from the perspective of the city as a whole, the materials and people that highways transport are crucial to the large-scale function carried out by the city, and are, in a sense, signals-that one signal is electric and the other physical may not matter in regards to the fundamental principles governing them. In addition to the prima facie analogy between city highway networks and the brain's neural connections, there are several other reasons we chose to examine city highway networks. First, the organization of city highway networks tends to be driven by political and economic forces over decades, rather than being planned in advanced following known principles of highway engineering [21]-i.e., city highways systems are a result of an evolution-like mechanism. Second, cities are under selection pressure to efficiently interconnect via highways and roads. Third, because cities lie on the land they are approximately a surface, or a sheet. Fourth, highway network data are readily available (and our data set consists of 60 U.S. cities varying in population from 10 4 to nearly 10 7 , see Table 2 for raw data). Finally, the organization of city highway systems is interesting in and of itself: nearly half of Earth's 6.6 billion people now live in cities, and cities are becoming ever larger and densely populated. The proper functioning of a city requires that people and materials be quickly moved throughout it. This is a very difficult design problem, one that is magnified by the fact that city population tends to grow much faster than city surface area, and cities tend to increase in population over time, so that the efficient highway network must constantly evolve from the pre-existing one. Identification of scaling laws governing how highway organization scales with city size could potentially lead to better highway systems, and more efficiently running cities.

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Conduction Velocity and Diameter of Nerve Fibers

Cited by 883 publications

References 0 publications

Neuronal Birth Order Identifies a Dimorphic Sensorineural Map

Neuronal Birth Order Identifies a Dimorphic Sensorineural Map

Robustness in TDMA Scheduling for Neuron-based Molecular Communication

Common scaling laws for city highway systems and the mammalian neocortex

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