Conduction velocity groups in the cat's optic nerve classified according to their retinal origin

Stone, Jonathan; Freeman, Robert B.

doi:10.1007/bf00234279

Cited by 57 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…To some degree, retinal locus correlates with the conduction velocities ob tained, with more centrally located receptive fields having slower conduc tion velocities than more peripherally located fields [Sumitomo et al, 1970]. Similar findings have been reported in the cat [F ukada, 1971; Stone and F reeman, 1971;Ikeda and W r ig h t, 1972]. Retinal ganglion cells located closer to the area centralis, or fovea, have smaller cell bodies, thinner axons, slower conduction velocities, longer intraretinal delay times, and tend so show sustained responses.…”

Section: Temporal Organizationsupporting

confidence: 72%

Spatial and Temporal Organization of the Binocular Input to Frog Optic Tectum

Raybourn¹

1975

Brain Behav Evol

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Single-unit recordings in the frog''s optic tectum have demonstrated the existence of a systematic spatial separation between the direct contralateral and indirect ipsilateral excitatory receptive fields. Marked differences in this spatial organization were found between paralyzed and anesthesized animals.Significant latency differences were found between sustained (class I/II) and transient (class III) contralateral fibers. Corresponding latency differences were also seen in ipsilaterally driven responses. It is suggested that there may be at least two different classes of ipsilateral fibers.The existence of binocular interaction at the level of the afferent terminal arborizations was investigated, utilizing temporally asynchronous dichoptic stimulation. No such phenomena were seen in curarized animals. These findings are discussed in terms of possible velocity and direction sensitivity mechanisms.

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Section: Temporal Organizationsupporting

confidence: 72%

Spatial and Temporal Organization of the Binocular Input to Frog Optic Tectum

Raybourn¹

1975

Brain Behav Evol

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“…A review of the data confirmed that all types of brisk cells had rather longer latencies at and near the area centralis. A detailed analysis will be presented elsewhere, but it may be stated here that the results gave no support for the proposal (Stone, Freeman & Hollander, 1971;) that there were two additional discrete, conduction velocity groups arising from the area centralis. The latencies of both types of brisk cells decreased continuously with distance from the area centralis in all directions and with substantial scatter, to merge with the general pattern of latencies for the non-central retina.…”

Section: Conduction Time and Conduction Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Brisk and sluggish concentrically organized ganglion cells in the cat's retina

Cleland¹,

Levick²

1974

The Journal of Physiology

472

254

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SUMMARY1. Nine hundred and sixty cat retinal ganglion cells were evaluated with respect to receptive-field organization and latency to antidromic activation of their axons from optic-tract and mid-brain positions.2. The vast majority (92 %) had the familiar concentric centre/surround organization. As in earlier work these could be classed as sustained or transient, independently of the centre type. About 13 % of the concentric cells were characterized by relatively sluggish responses to conventional visual stimuli which yielded brisk responses from the others. The sluggish cells constituted a previously unspecified class of concentric receptive fields.3. The responses of brisk and sluggish cells to a variety of stimuli were described with a view to developing procedures for distinguishing them on functional grounds.4. Measurements of latency to antidromic activation of retinal axons confirmed earlier work in showing that cells classed as brisk-transient had the shortest conduction times from the optic tract. Cells classed as brisksustained had intermediate conduction times and from earlier work would constitute an important input to the lateral geniculate nucleus. A proportion of the brisk-sustained axons reached the pretectal region (especially on-centre types) and a small minority reached the superior colliculus (especially off-centre types).5. Sluggish cells had generally slower antidromic conduction times; despite some overlap with the brisk-sustained class, the slower conduction provided independent support for the functional differentiation. Sluggish axons reached the pretectal region and superior colliculus. 6. The brisk-sustained cells constituted the majority of the recordings in the area centralis.

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“…Beyond 1-2 mm from the area centralis there is little evidence of any eccentricity-related variation in axonal conduction velocity [Rowe and Stone, 1976a, b], but Kirk et al [1975] have argued that, within the central 1-2 mm, the decrease in t, and t2 velocities is graded with eccen tricity. As a consequence, tj velocity reduces to 25 m/sec at the area cen tralis [Stone and Freeman, 1971], close to the value for peripheral t, ax ons (17-23 m/sec), and t2 velocity drops to 10-15 m/sec, into the range attributed to W cells. No eccentricity-related gradient in axonal conduc tion velocity has been reported for W cells.…”

Section: Axonal Conduction Velocitymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Among X and Y cell axons, but apparently not among W cell axons, the velocity of axonal conduction varies within a limited range of eccentricity. Specifically, between cells located at the centre of the area centralis and regions 1-2 mm away there is a distinct gradient in the axonal velocity of X and Y cell axons, in both cases veloc ity being less at the area centralis [Stone and Freeman, 1971;Kirk et al, 1975]. Beyond 1-2 mm from the area centralis there is little evidence of any eccentricity-related variation in axonal conduction velocity [Rowe and Stone, 1976a, b], but Kirk et al [1975] have argued that, within the central 1-2 mm, the decrease in t, and t2 velocities is graded with eccen tricity.…”

Section: Axonal Conduction Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interpretation of Variation in the Classification of Nerve Cells

Rowe

Stone

1980

Brain Behav Evol

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Within any biological population there is considerable variation in the physical characteristics of individual members, and the understanding and classification of such populations always depends on the interpretation of this variation. A major point of this paper is that groups of neurones can also be regarded as biological populations, and that at least three distinct types of variation can be found within any neural population: role-indicating variation, which enables different cells or groups of cells to perform different functions; systematic variation, which allows different cells (or sometimes the same cell) to perform a particular function under varying conditions; and residual variation, which is principally related to mechanisms of evolution and provides the population with its biological adaptability. Examples of these three types of variation are suggested for a number of properties of retinal ganglion cell populations.A second major point is that any functional classification of nerve cells should contain multiple taxonomic levels, corresponding to different levels of complexity and interaction within the nervous system. Thus, individual cells can belong to more than one group, each at a different taxonomic level, and these groups of cells can be viewed as interacting with each other rather than as operating in isolation. A multiple-level classification of cat retinal ganglion cells is presented with two broad groups, each subdivided into two lower-level groups, and an attempt is made to identify the categories of visual function to which these groups are related.

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Conduction velocity groups in the cat's optic nerve classified according to their retinal origin

Cited by 57 publications

References 24 publications

Spatial and Temporal Organization of the Binocular Input to Frog Optic Tectum

Spatial and Temporal Organization of the Binocular Input to Frog Optic Tectum

Brisk and sluggish concentrically organized ganglion cells in the cat's retina

The Interpretation of Variation in the Classification of Nerve Cells

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