Conductive and elastic bottlebrush elastomers for ultrasoft electronics

Xu, Pengfei; Wang, Shaojia; Lin, Angela; Min, Hyun-Kee; Zhou, Zhanfeng; Dou, Wenkun; Sun, Yu; Huang, Xi; Tran, Helen; Liu, Xinyu

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36214-8

Cited by 66 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) have attracted considerable interest due to their unique properties originating from chain architecture − and have found a wide range of applications, such as super-soft elastomers, nanomedicine, , electronics, and self-healing materials . Recently, cyclic BBPs have emerged as a very interesting material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic vs Linear Bottlebrush Polymers in Solution: Side-Chain Length Effect

Chen

Dormidontova

2023

Macromolecules

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Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) of different architecture are of considerable interest for a broad range of applications, including nanomedicine, electronics, and self-healing materials. Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate and compare the structural and hydration properties of cyclic and linear poly(vinyl alcohol)-graft-poly(ethylene oxide) (PVA-g-PEO N sc ) BBPs in aqueous solution as functions of PEO side-chain length, N sc. We find that overall cyclic BBPs are smaller than the corresponding linear BBPs and their shape changes from donutlike to disklike to starlike with increasing side-chain length, while linear BBPs vary in shape from an expanded coil to a rod/cylinder. The radius of gyration of cyclic BBPs increases with an increase of the side-chain length at a somewhat slower rate than the linear BBPs but follows the same scaling R g ∼ N sc 0.58 in the limit of long side chains. For short grafts, we determine that the persistence length, l p, for both cyclic and linear BBPs increases in a similar manner following an l p ∼ N sc 0.54 dependence. In the long side-chain limit, the persistence length (l p) of cyclic BBP saturates, while for linear BBPs l p strongly increases following the expected scaling relation l p ∼ N sc 15/8. We propose a scaling model that shows that the fraction of side-chains located inside the cyclic BBPs depends on the radius of the backbone ring and significantly decreases with an increase of graft length. For both cyclic and linear BBPs, the hydrogen bonding between PEO side chains and water is somewhat reduced near the backbone, where local chain stretching is observed, while reaching full hydration on the periphery. Overall, the hydration shell within 1 nm of the cyclic BBP backbone is found to be more dynamically stable compared to linear BBPs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic vs Linear Bottlebrush Polymers in Solution: Side-Chain Length Effect

Chen

Dormidontova

2023

Macromolecules

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“…The design and development of advanced wearable devices still pose challenges because of the need to integrate electronic, electrochemical, electro-optical, or multiple types of functionality on a platform that is soft, compact, lightweight, flexible, and stretchable [12,13] . To do so, various manufacturing technologies, such as laser processing [14][15][16][17] , transfer printing [18][19][20][21] , and inkjet printing [22][23][24][25][26] , have been used to fabricate a flexible/stretchable device platform. Ensuring long-term reliability and biocompatibility during human body motion, especially in outdoor activities involving external heat exposure and metabolic heat generation, adds to the challenges in material/structure development and device design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in thermal management for flexible/wearable devices

Yun¹

2023

Soft Sci

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Thermal management for wearable devices is evolving to make ubiquitous applications possible based on advanced devices featuring miniaturization, integration, and ultrathin designs. Thermal management and control integrated with wearable devices are highly desirable for various applications for human body monitoring, including external heat exposure and metabolic heat generation, in various activities. Recently, dynamic change materials have been integrated with micro/nano thermal management platforms to address the potential for active thermal management. In this article, recent advances in the architecture of effective thermal management in wearable devices are reviewed, along with the essential mechanisms for managing thermal conditions for users in external/internal thermal environments. Appropriate thermal management approaches are proposed for the design and integration of materials/structures tailored to specific targets in wearable devices. In particular, this review is devoted to materials/structures based on five thermal management strategies: conduction, radiation, evaporation/convection, heat absorption/release, and thermoelectric (TE). Finally, the challenges and prospects for practical applications of thermal management in wearable devices are discussed.

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“…Second, the main research trends for sensing material include enhancing the electromechanical response performance in terms of linearity, sensing limits, durability, time-resolution, electrical robustness, and accomplishing additional functions. [12][13][14] Among them, linear response ability (a characteristic of commercial strain gauges) is one of the most critical parameters that determine the precision of the detected signal. This parameter is desirable to decrease implementation complexity and facilitate calibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough and Robust Mechanically Interlocked Gel–Elastomer Hybrid Electrode for Soft Strain Gauge

et al. 2023

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Soft strain gauges provide a flexible and versatile alternative to traditional rigid and inextensible gauges, overcoming issues such as impedance mismatch, the limited sensing range, and fatigue/fracture. Although several materials and structural designs are used to fabricate soft strain gauges, achieving multi-functionality for applications remains a significant challenge. Herein, a mechanically interlocked gel-elastomer hybrid material is exploited for soft strain gauge. Such a material design provides exceptional fracture energy of 59.6 kJ m −2 and a fatigue threshold of 3300 J m −2 , along with impressive strength and stretchability. The hybrid material electrode possesses excellent sensing performances under both static and dynamic loading conditions. It boasts a tiny detection limit of 0.05% strain, ultrafast time resolution of 0.495 ms, and high linearity. This hybrid material electrode can accurately detect full-range human-related frequency vibrations ranging from 0.5 to 1000 Hz, enabling the measurement of physiological parameters. Additionally, the patterned soft strain gauge, created through lithography, demonstrates superior signal-noise rate and electromechanical robustness against deformation. By integrating a multiple-channel device, an intelligent motion detection system is developed, which can classify six typical human body movements with the assistance of machine learning. This innovation is expected to drive advancements in wearable device technology.

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Conductive and elastic bottlebrush elastomers for ultrasoft electronics

Cited by 66 publications

References 70 publications

Cyclic vs Linear Bottlebrush Polymers in Solution: Side-Chain Length Effect

Cyclic vs Linear Bottlebrush Polymers in Solution: Side-Chain Length Effect

Recent progress in thermal management for flexible/wearable devices

Tough and Robust Mechanically Interlocked Gel–Elastomer Hybrid Electrode for Soft Strain Gauge

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