Conductive carbon filled polymeric electrodes: Novel ion optical elements for time-of-flight mass spectrometers

Abstract

A new technique employing conductive polymeric electrodes for the generation of linear electric fields is proposed and validated. A hollow cylinder comprised of DuPont's Vespel SP-22, a polymer loaded with conductive carbon particles, is used to enhance the performance of a hybrid reflectron compared to a conventional dual stage gridless reflectron composed of discrete metal ring electrodes. Both devices have comparable physical dimensions and nearly identical ion optical properties. Instrumental resolution measurements are used to validate this novel design.

Optimization Techniques for Improving the Performance of Silicone‐Based Dielectric Elastomers

“…Realizing compatible TiO 2 or other high-permittivity fillers without the insulating shell layer would be of great interest to the dielectric elastomer society. [122] Chemically modified OH-poly-methylvinyl-siloxane þ 48 wt% 3-mercaptopropionitrile 10.1 @0.1 Hz 0.15 11 22.4 0.24 [123] Chemically modified Synthesized copolysiloxanes þ 10 wt% chloropropyl-groups 4.9 @0.1 Hz 1 94 1.63 2.18 [91] The figures of merit are introduced in Equations 4 and 5.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Dielectric elastomers consist of an elastomer film placed between two thin and compliant electrodes, thereby creating a capacitor capable of energy transduction, as shown in Figure 1. [10][11][12] For a detailed and thorough review on electrode systems, see Rosset and Shea [13] as well as the more recent review by McCoul et al [14] In the following, the elastomer and electrode system is referred to as a "dielectric elastomer transducer" (DET), whereas the elastomer material will be denoted as "dielectric elastomer". [10][11][12] For a detailed and thorough review on electrode systems, see Rosset and Shea [13] as well as the more recent review by McCoul et al [14] In the following, the elastomer and electrode system is referred to as a "dielectric elastomer transducer" (DET), whereas the elastomer material will be denoted as "dielectric elastomer".…”

“…The electrodes can be prepared from a wide selection of conducting materials, such as noble metals [8,9] and carbon black-polymer mixtures. [10][11][12] For a detailed and thorough review on electrode systems, see Rosset and Shea [13] as well as the more recent review by McCoul et al [14] In the following, the elastomer and electrode system is referred to as a "dielectric elastomer transducer" (DET), whereas the elastomer material will be denoted as "dielectric elastomer".…”

Advanced sensors for real-time control of advanced natural-gas reciprocating engine combustion.

“…Use of a conductive polymer to establish a uniform DC field has been demonstrated in a time-offlight mass spectrometer design [23], however, such polymers may have an upper temperature limit (<300°C). Therefore, for operation at higher temperature, it may be necessary to use conductive ceramics that generally decrease resistance as temperature increases.…”

Relationship between Polymer Dielectric Constant and Percolation Threshold in Conductive Poly(styrene)‐Type Polymer and Carbon Black Composites

“…Polymer composites with electrical properties have received attention during the last 60 years for scientific and technological reasons [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. From the theoretical point of view, the electrical conductivity of these materials can be explained very well by the percolation approach.…”