Conductive epoxy/carbon nanofiber coatings for scale control

Edvardsen, Laura; Grandcolas, Mathieu; Lædre, Sigrid; Lange, Torstein; Bjørge, Ruben; Gawel, Kamila

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127694

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, the fillers in the polymer matrix are not evenly dispersed and the compatibility between the fillers and matrix during the mixing process is poor, which greatly affects the performance of the resulting materials. 11,12 Ionic liquids as a new generation of green media and functional materials have outstanding potential to replace traditional technologies. Previous studies have determined that ionic liquids do not exist as single twodimensional pairs of ions but exist as clusters with certain ion channels, forming certain ion channel regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Filling‐type conductive polymer materials, which are prepared via the dispersion of conductive fillers in a polymer matrix, exhibit high comprehensive properties. However, the fillers in the polymer matrix are not evenly dispersed and the compatibility between the fillers and matrix during the mixing process is poor, which greatly affects the performance of the resulting materials 11,12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of the ionic liquid 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐butylimidazole bromide salt and its application in phenolic‐formaldehyde‐resin‐based conductive materials

Yao

Wang

Jin

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Herein, the ionic liquid 1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazole bromide salt ([DMBIm] Br) was synthesized and its chemical structure was characterized via Fourier transform infrared and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Moreover, to improve the electrical property of the phenolic formaldehyde (PF) resin, PF/[DMBIm]Br systems were prepared via a melt blending and compression-curing process. Furthermore, the effect of [DMBIm]Br content on the thermal stabilities, mechanical properties, electrical properties, and morphologies of the systems was investigated. The thermal stability of the systems increased with [DMBIm]Br addition. The impact strength of the systems improved with increasing [DMBIm]Br content. Additionally, the volume resistance of the systems significantly decreased from 1.02 Â 10 9 to 1.64 Â 10 7 Ω with increasing [DMBIm]Br content from 0 to 1 wt%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of the ionic liquid 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐butylimidazole bromide salt and its application in phenolic‐formaldehyde‐resin‐based conductive materials

Yao

Wang

Jin

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…To enhance scale formation, cathodic polarization of electroconductive surfaces can be utilized [14]. As the precipitation and dissolution of many scaling minerals (e.g., calcium carbonate) are affected by pH, the local pH changes near the electrodes during water electrolysis can be utilized to control the scaling [15][16][17]. During water electrolysis, hydroxide ions are generated at the cathode; see reaction (1) [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the anode, the oxidation reaction occurs; see reaction (2). This causes the local pH near the anode to be acidic [18], which may inhibit the deposition of some scaling minerals [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A strong correlation between the scaling rate and potential magnitude was found, where amount of precipitate increased with increasing polarization potential. A study on conductive epoxy/carbon nanofiber coatings showed that scale deposition was manipulated upon polarization [17]. Scale control was induced when the surface was polarized anodically, and the deposited layer was significantly reduced compared to no and cathodic polarization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemically Enhanced Deposition of Scale from Chosen Formation Waters from the Norwegian Continental Shelf

et al. 2022

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Reservoir formation waters typically contain scaling ions which can precipitate and form mineral deposits. Such mineral deposition can be accelerated electrochemically, whereby the application of potential between two electrodes results in oxygen reduction and water electrolysis. Both processes change the local pH near the electrodes and affect the surface deposition of pH-sensitive minerals. In the context of the plugging and abandonment of wells, electrochemically enhanced deposition could offer a cost-effective alternative to the established methods that rely on setting cement plugs. In this paper, we tested the scale electro-deposition ability of six different formation waters from selected reservoirs along the Norwegian continental shelf using two experimental setups, one containing CO2 and one without CO2. As the electrochemical deposition of scaling minerals relies on local pH changes near the cathode, geochemical modelling was performed to predict oversaturation with respect to the different mineral phases at different pH values. In a CO2-free environment, the formation waters are mainly oversaturated with portlandite at pH > 12. When CO2 was introduced to the system, the formation waters were oversaturated with calcite. The presence of mineral phases was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the mineral deposits obtained in the laboratory experiments. The geochemical-modelling results indicate several oversaturated Mg-bearing minerals (e.g., brucite, dolomite, aragonite) in the formation waters but these, according to XRD results, were absent in the deposits, which is likely due to the significant domination of calcium-scaling ions in the solution. The amount of deposit was found to be proportional to the concentration of calcium present in the formation waters. Formation waters with a high concentration of Ca ions and a high conductivity yielded more precipitate.

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A Critical Review of Relative Scale Inhibition Performance of Different Alternatives

Popov,

Trukhina,

Tkachenko

et al. 2024

Industrial Scale Inhibition

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Conductive epoxy/carbon nanofiber coatings for scale control

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Synthesis of the ionic liquid 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐butylimidazole bromide salt and its application in phenolic‐formaldehyde‐resin‐based conductive materials

Synthesis of the ionic liquid 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐butylimidazole bromide salt and its application in phenolic‐formaldehyde‐resin‐based conductive materials

Electrochemically Enhanced Deposition of Scale from Chosen Formation Waters from the Norwegian Continental Shelf

A Critical Review of Relative Scale Inhibition Performance of Different Alternatives

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