Conductive hydrogels for bioelectronics: molecular structures, design principles, and operation mechanisms

Zhang, Xiaoyang; Ye, Cong; Ye, Z.Y.; Li, Wentao; Liu, Xuying; Wang, Xianghong

doi:10.1039/d3tc01821k

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 198 publications

(272 reference statements)

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“…Despite their high specific surface area and mechanical excellence, these materials suffer from inherent hydrophobicity and poor solubility, leading to self-aggregation in aqueous media, posing a significant challenge for incorporation into hydrophilic hydrogel matrices [18,37]. This challenge can be mitigated to some extent by functionalizing the carbon surface, although this may potentially compromise the conductivity of the carbon frameworks [38,39]. ness, forming 3D conductive networks within the polymer substrate through which electrons can pass via the conjugated structure.…”

Section: Conductive Gel Materials Formation Classifications and Fabri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Gels for Energy Storage, Conversion, and Generation: Materials Design Strategies, Properties, and Applications

Bari,

Jeong,

Barai

2024

Materials

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Gel-based materials have garnered significant interest in recent years, primarily due to their remarkable structural flexibility, ease of modulation, and cost-effective synthesis methodologies. Specifically, polymer-based conductive gels, characterized by their unique conjugated structures incorporating both localized sigma and pi bonds, have emerged as materials of choice for a wide range of applications. These gels demonstrate an exceptional integration of solid and liquid phases within a three-dimensional matrix, further enhanced by the incorporation of conductive nanofillers. This unique composition endows them with a versatility that finds application across a diverse array of fields, including wearable energy devices, health monitoring systems, robotics, and devices designed for interactive human-body integration. The multifunctional nature of gel materials is evidenced by their inherent stretchability, self-healing capabilities, and conductivity (both ionic and electrical), alongside their multidimensional properties. However, the integration of these multidimensional properties into a single gel material, tailored to meet specific mechanical and chemical requirements across various applications, presents a significant challenge. This review aims to shed light on the current advancements in gel materials, with a particular focus on their application in various devices. Additionally, it critically assesses the limitations inherent in current material design strategies and proposes potential avenues for future research, particularly in the realm of conductive gels for energy applications.

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Section: Conductive Gel Materials Formation Classifications and Fabri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Gels for Energy Storage, Conversion, and Generation: Materials Design Strategies, Properties, and Applications

Bari,

Jeong,

Barai

2024

Materials

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“…11 Polymeric hydrogels are perhaps the most popular soft conductors intensively used in bioelectronics, which can be engineered at the molecular level to exhibit precise control over their mechanical, ionic, electrical, and biochemical features. [12][13][14] Furthermore, their water-rich nature and biocompatibility minimize adverse reactions when interfaced with biological systems. 15,16 Conductive polymers, 17,18 such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), 19 polyaniline (PANI), 20 polypyrrole (PPy), 21 and polythiophene, 22 or inorganic conductive additives, 23 including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, metal nanowires, liquid metal droplets, 24 and 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) 25 are commonly incorporated into the hydrogel matrix to construct flexible electronics.…”

Section: Davidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry ionic conductive elastomers based on polymeric deep eutectic solvents for bioelectronics

Picchio,

Dominguez-Alfaro,

Minari

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. C

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Self‐Healing Hydrogel Bioelectronics

Li,

Lu,

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Hydrogels have emerged as powerful building blocks to develop various soft bioelectronics because of their tissue‐like mechanical properties, superior bio‐compatibility, the ability to conduct both electrons and ions, and multiple stimuli‐responsiveness. However, hydrogels are vulnerable to mechanical damage, which limits their usage in developing durable hydrogel‐based bioelectronics. Self‐healing hydrogels aim to endow bioelectronics with the property of repairing specific functions after mechanical failure, thus improving their durability, reliability, and longevity. This review discusses recent advances in self‐healing hydrogels, from the self‐healing mechanisms, material chemistry, and strategies for multiple properties improvement of hydrogel materials, to the design, fabrication, and applications of various hydrogel‐based bioelectronics, including wearable physical and biochemical sensors, supercapacitors, flexible display devices, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), implantable bioelectronics, etc. Furthermore, the persisting challenges hampering the development of self‐healing hydrogel bioelectronics and their prospects are proposed. This review is expected to expedite the research and applications of self‐healing hydrogels for various self‐healing bioelectronics.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Conductive hydrogels for bioelectronics: molecular structures, design principles, and operation mechanisms

Abstract: Bioelectronics have become an emerging research field for its wide application in health monitoring and human-computer interaction. Conductive hydrogels are promising candidates for the fabrication of bioelectronics. In this review,...

Cited by 13 publications

References 198 publications

Conductive Gels for Energy Storage, Conversion, and Generation: Materials Design Strategies, Properties, and Applications

Conductive Gels for Energy Storage, Conversion, and Generation: Materials Design Strategies, Properties, and Applications

Dry ionic conductive elastomers based on polymeric deep eutectic solvents for bioelectronics

Self‐Healing Hydrogel Bioelectronics

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