Conductivity and Stability Enhancement of PEDOT:PSS Electrodes <i>via</i> Facile Doping of Sodium 3-Methylsalicylate for Highly Efficient Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Liu, Lihui; Lei, Wu; Yang, Hao; Ge, Honggang; Xie, Juxuan; Cao, Kun; Cheng, Gang; Chen, Shufen

doi:10.1021/acsami.1c21591

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Reproduced with permission. [ 60 ] Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. d) Effect of the DMSO, Zonyl FS‐300, and their mixture on the electrical properties of PEDOT:PSS: Conductivity (top), carrier concentration (bottom).…”

Section: Poly(34‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) Elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PSS chain dissociated from PEDOT:PSS due to the formation of very weak acid and PSS‐Na (Figure 4c), which enhanced the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS to 584.2 S cm −1 . [ 60 ] Nonionic surfactants include poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), p ‐tert‐octylphenol (Triton X‐100), fluorine‐containing surfactants Zonyl FS‐300, etc. [ 57 ] Wang et al studied the influence of PEG with different concentrations and molecular weights on the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS in detail.…”

Section: Poly(34‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) Elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress on Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Bioelectrodes

Yang

Liu

2023

Small Science

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Sensing bioelectrical signals paves a way for knowing the health and mental status, providing important clinical information about subjects' physiological and psychological activities. [1] Common bioelectrical signals include electromyogram (EMG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electrooculogram (EOG), and electroencephalogram (EEG). EMG is conducive to explore the activities of nerves and muscles. ECG signals, originating from heart, show the information related to cardiac function. EOG can help to recognize eye diseases. EEG is capable of showing complex neural activities in the brain. [2][3][4][5] Furthermore, bioelectrical signals could integrate with human-machine interfaces (HMI), such as prosthetic control, emotion recognition, eye movement tracking, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR). [6][7][8][9] So far, various bioelectrodes have been developed for recording bioelectrical signals, but it is still challenging to acquire high-quality, stable, and long-term signals. [10,11] Human skin/tissue will deform during body motion, which means that human skin/tissue has to withstand strain. Conventional bioelectrodes are mainly gel electrodes (Ag/AgCl electrodes) and dry electrodes made of metals (e.g., Au, Ag, Cu). Due to the mechanical mismatch with human skin/tissue, they are unable to continuously recording signals. In addition to, long-term use of such electrodes would cause skin irritation. Stretchability is a critical property to ensure bioelectrodes to work normally despite the deformation of human skin/tissue. Lots of interest is devoted to the fabrication of stretchable electrodes. [12][13][14][15][16] These electrodes need to possess matched modulus to adapt to the uneven surface of human skin/tissue. In addition to the mechanical properties, excellent conductivity, adhesion to skin, and biocompatibility are necessary. Furthermore, breathability and self-healing are also the properties people pursuing for. [17] Emerging materials used for bioelectrodes include conductive polymers, conductive hydrogels, carbon materials (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes), liquid metals, elastomer composites, etc. [18][19][20][21] Conductive polymers are kinds of organic conjugated polymers with heterocycle, whose conductivity stems from conjugated main chains of delocalized electron/hole. By combining the advantages of both metals and polymers, conductive polymers are easy for fabrication and structure modification. Among them, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has attracted heightened interest due to its excellent conductivity, optical transmittance in the visible region, thermostability, relatively low redox potential, etc. Nevertheless, its insolubility in water hinders further development. It can be overcome by introducing polyelectrolyte like poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) into PEDOT matrix. PSS acts as both dopant and stabilizer by a charge balance mechanism. Since the problem of insolubility in water has been solved, PEDOT becomes the most successful commercial polyelectrolyte. [22] Figure 1 shows the s...

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Section: Poly(34‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) Elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Poly(34‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) Elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress on Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Bioelectrodes

Yang

Liu

2023

Small Science

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“…For PEDOT:PSS electrodes, diverse challenges must be addressed, particularly issues of conductivity and patterning. A variety of approaches have been developed to improve their conductivity, such as adding high-dielectric/-polarity organic solvents and post-treatment with strong acids, achieving a high conductivity of 4380 S/cm, which is comparable to that of ITO. − Meanwhile, very little work has been devoted to pattern PEDOT:PSS electrodes. It is well known that photolithography, − inkjet printing, − and imprint lithography are conventional patterning techniques for optoelectronic devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photopatternable and Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Electrodes for Flexible Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

Liu

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Flexible perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) constitute an emerging technology opening new opportunities in the fields of lighting and display for portable and wearable electronics. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly-(stryrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as one of the most promising flexible electrode materials has attracted extensive attention. However, the patterning and conductivity issues of PEDOT:PSS electrodes should be addressed primarily. Here, a photopolymerizable additive is proposed to endow the PEDOT:PSS electrodes with photopatternability. Moreover, this additive can also improve the conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS electrode from 0.16 to 627 S/cm because of the phase separation between PEDOT and PSS components and conformation transition of PEDOT chains. Eventually, highly conductive PEDOT:PSS electrodes with various patterns are applied in flexible PeLEDs, demonstrating a high luminance of 25972 cd/m 2 and a current efficiency of 25.1 cd/A. This work provides a facile and effective method of patterning and improving the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS electrodes simultaneously, demonstrating the great potential of PEDOT:PSS electrodes in flexible perovskite optoelectronics.

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“…The conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) finds its application in a plethora of devices, ranging from organic and hybrid organic–inorganic optoelectronic applications − to biosensors , and thermoelectric applications. ,− The wide application of PEDOT:PSS is brought about by its high conductivity, easy accessibility, and low-temperature solution processability. − The hydrophobic PEDOT is a conjugated polymer and responsible for the high conductivity, whereas insulating hydrophilic PSS acts as a counter ion to stabilize doped PEDOT and to enable the dispersion of PEDOT in water . The structure of PEDOT:PSS can be explained by its conjugated orbitals: some of the CC double bonds of PEDOT exhibit a benzoid structure as they do in the monomer, which leads to a coil-like macroscopical structure, and the PEDOT-rich core is enclosed by a PSS-rich shell. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectron Spectroscopy Reveals the Impact of Solvent Additives on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) Thin Film Formation

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Phys. Chem Au

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The conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is used in a manifold of electronic applications, and controlling its conductivity is often the key to attain a superior device performance. To that end, solvent additives like Triton, ethylene glycol (EG), or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are regularly incorporated. In our comprehensive study, we prepare PEDOT:PSS thin films with seven different additive combinations and with thicknesses ranging from 6 to 300 nm on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrates. We utilize X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to access the PSS-to-PEDOT ratio and the PSS–-to-PSSH ratio in the near-surface region and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) to get the work function (WF). In addition, the morphology and conductivity of these samples are obtained. We found that the WF of the prepared thin films for each combination becomes saturated at a thickness of around 50 nm and thinner films show a lower WF due to the inferior coverage on the ITO. Furthermore, the WF shows a better correlation with the PSS–-to-PSSH ratio than the commonly used PSS-to-PEDOT ratio as PSS– can directly affect the surface dipole. By adding solvent additives, a dramatic increase in the conductivity is observed for all PEDOT:PSS films, especially when DMSO is involved. Moreover, adding the additive Triton (surfactant) helps to suppress the WF fluctuation for most films of each additive combination and contributes to weaken the surface dipole, eventually leading to a lower and thickness-independent WF.

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Conductivity and Stability Enhancement of PEDOT:PSS Electrodes via Facile Doping of Sodium 3-Methylsalicylate for Highly Efficient Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Cited by 24 publications

References 59 publications

Recent Progress on Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Bioelectrodes

Recent Progress on Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Bioelectrodes

Photopatternable and Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Electrodes for Flexible Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

Photoelectron Spectroscopy Reveals the Impact of Solvent Additives on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) Thin Film Formation

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