Conductivity scaling and thermoelectric properties of polyaniline hydrochloride

Limelette, P.; Schmaltz, Bruno; Brault, D.; Gouineau, M.; Autret-Lambert, Cécile; Roger, Sylvain; Grimal, V.; Van, François Tran

doi:10.1063/1.4862640

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As a final point, the magnitude of the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, determines the efficiency of the energy conversion. The ZT values of PANI-DBSA and PANI-NaSIPA, shown in Figure 9, are of the same order of magnitude than those found in the literature for pure bulk PANI at room temperature, which span from 7×10 -7 [44,45] to 2.75×10 -5 [8,37]. In particular, a ZT of 1.5×10 -5 has been encountered for PANI-DBSA prepared by direct synthesis [2], whereas, as far as we know the…”

Section: Figure Of Meritsupporting

confidence: 69%

Thermoelectric properties and intrinsic conduction processes in DBSA and NaSIPA doped polyanilines

et al. 2018

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Seeking to gain fundamental understanding of the thermoelectric (TE) behavior of polyanilines (PANIs), structure-property relationships of PANI nanorods, doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) and 5-sulfoisophtalic acid sodium salt (NaSIPA), and prepared by an indirect synthetic route, are discussed in terms of the contribution of the acid concentrations on the thermoelectric properties.The synergistic combination of high doping level and layer structure, accounts for the moderately high electrical conductivities () and low constant Seebeck coefficients (α) of PANI-DBSA. Conversely, the poor doping ability of NaSIPA and low crystallinity degree explain the low electrical conductivities along with significant increases in Seebeck coefficient values. In relation to conduction mechanisms, PANI-DBSA shows a hopping behavior with a carrier concentration of c0.49 (hole type), while PANI-NaSIPA displays a diffusive regime, characteristic of degenerate metallic semiconductors, with an estimated charge carrier density of n ≈3×10 21 e/cm 3 . 1.Thus, a good thermoelectrical material should have high  and α, but poor κ. The three thermoelectrical parameters are interdependent in bulk materials and decoupling these parameters is definitely non-trivial [7].Polyaniline (PANI) as one of the important ICPs has caused a lot of scientists' interests due to high stability, facile synthesis and tunable electronic properties [8]. Electrical conductivity of PANI increases with doping, which may be achieved by an acid-base reaction. As a result of the protonation of the nitrogen sites in the emeraldine base (EB), the cation radical of one nitrogen acts as a polaronic hole and these holes are charge carriers (p-type doped PANI) [9] ( Fig. 1). Electrical conductivity occurs via interpolaron hopping along and across polymer chains [10,11]. Therefore, the carrier density depends on the degree of protonation or doping level [4,12]. Furthermore, in most cases PANIs appear to be amorphous, sometimes with some degree of crystallinity, thus heterogeneous conduction is set up involving "islands" of higher conductivity regions separated by lower conductivity regions. The polaron structures are responsible for electrical conduction through the hopping mechanism in the crystalline region [9], while intergrain resonance tunnelling occurs through the strongly localized states in the amorphous media [13]. These systems are featured with low charge carrier mobility and low electrical conductivities, even at high carrier densities [14,15]. This mixture of metallic and non-metallic behaviour is a key characteristic of all ICPs, including PANI [16].By contrast, the Seebeck coefficient is more complex and difficult to predict. The reduction of the total number of charge carriers increase the Seebeck coefficient while lowering the electrical conductivity, but because the power factor (PF) scales with α 2 , a 3 net increase in the PF can be achieved for certain doping ranges. The identification of conditions conducive to decouple  and α, remains ch...

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Section: Figure Of Meritsupporting

confidence: 69%

Thermoelectric properties and intrinsic conduction processes in DBSA and NaSIPA doped polyanilines

et al. 2018

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“…The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient increase with m-cresol content as shown in Figure 11 . The power factor was around 10 µW·m − 1 ·K − 2 , denoting a big increase compared with previous results without m-cresol [ 17 , 24 , 49 ].…”

Section: Effect Of the Doping Level On The Thermoelectric Propertimentioning

confidence: 45%

“…The oxidative chemical polymerization is the most usual method to synthesize conductive polymers [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Basically, this method consists of the reaction between the monomer and an oxidative salt that has the role of a dopant agent.…”

Section: Effect Of the Doping Level On The Thermoelectric Propertimentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Polymers for Thermoelectric Applications

2014

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In this review, we report the state-of-the-art of polymers in thermoelectricity. Classically, a number of inorganic compounds have been considered as the best thermoelectric materials. Since the prediction of the improvement of the figure of merit by means of electronic confinement in 1993, it has been improved by a factor of 3–4. In the mean time, organic materials, in particular intrinsically conducting polymers, had been considered as competitors of classical thermoelectrics, since their figure of merit has been improved several orders of magnitude in the last few years. We review here the evolution of the figure of merit or the power factor during the last years, and the best candidates to compete with inorganic materials. We also outline the best polymers to substitute classical thermoelectric materials and the advantages they present in comparison with inorganic systems.

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“…The conducting polymers synthesis method and chemical modifications provides unlimited opportunities for their potential applications [19]. The preparation condition of PANI, dopant concentration, environmental parameters like humidity, use of various solvents and oxidants during preparation of polymer, presence of residual water creating hydrogen bonding between water and PANI during preparation, extent of disorder and cross linking in polymer, the reaction time can affect the electrical properties of PANI [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Apart from this the incorporation of various functional groups on the polymer backbone, can increase the processibility in comparision to the pristine polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric and conduction behaviour of H₂SO₄ doped conducting Polyaniline

Mohanty

Behera

Mishra

et al. 2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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We report the effect of H 2 SO 4 doping on the dielectric and conduction behaviour of Polyaniline (PANI) samples. The PANI salt prepared by oxidising aniline hydrochloride in distilled water with the oxidant ammonium persulphate with continuous stirring at room temperature and PANI base is produced by subjecting PANI salt to a reaction with 0.5M NaOH. H 2 SO 4 doped PANI is prepared by subjecting PANI base to reaction with 1M H 2 SO 4 at room temperature under constant stirring for 1h. The synthesied PANI along with the doped samples were further washed with acetone to study the effect of acetone washing on the electrical behaviour. It is observed that the dielectric constant as well as the dielectric loss decreases with frequency in the entire studied sample. The frequency dependent AC conductivity at room temperature obeys the power law and the DC conductivity was obtained from the fitting parameter. It is found that the non acetone washed PANI doped in 1M H 2 SO 4 shows highest dielectric constant and conductivity.

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Conductivity scaling and thermoelectric properties of polyaniline hydrochloride

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Thermoelectric properties and intrinsic conduction processes in DBSA and NaSIPA doped polyanilines

Thermoelectric properties and intrinsic conduction processes in DBSA and NaSIPA doped polyanilines

Review on Polymers for Thermoelectric Applications

Dielectric and conduction behaviour of H₂SO₄ doped conducting Polyaniline

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Conductivity scaling and thermoelectric properties of polyaniline hydrochloride

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Thermoelectric properties and intrinsic conduction processes in DBSA and NaSIPA doped polyanilines

Thermoelectric properties and intrinsic conduction processes in DBSA and NaSIPA doped polyanilines

Review on Polymers for Thermoelectric Applications

Dielectric and conduction behaviour of H2SO4 doped conducting Polyaniline

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Dielectric and conduction behaviour of H₂SO₄ doped conducting Polyaniline