Conductivity support of AZO in enhancements of SERS Ag/AZO substrate to detect ketoprofen

Optimizing the Structure of Zinc Oxide Thin Films and Silver Nanoparticles for Preparing High-Performance and Stability SERS Substrate to Detect Banned Antibiotics in Aquaculture

“…The E ss comes from the many surface defects, such as surface oxygen vacancy defects in ZnO. 9,13,35,36 In this work, the surface disorder and intrinsic defects of ZnO thin film increase significantly after annealing for up to 120 min as above structural Raman analysis. The proposed charge-transfer diagram is shown in Figure 12a.…”

“…9,13,24,34 In addition, the intrinsic defects and the surface defects induced the surface state energy level (E ss ) of semiconductor nanomaterials in the SERS substrate contribute to the enhancement of the Raman signal based on the charge transfer between the organic molecules and the SERS substrate. 9,13,35,36 These aspects have not been interesting and studied by researchers around the world.…”

“…In addition to this example, Barveen et al made a SERS-active substrate for the ultrasensitive detection of a popular antibiotic, chloramphenicol (CAP) by fabricating the heterogeneous integration of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on silver vanadate nanorods (β-AgVO 3 NRs) . In addition, many studies indicate that the combination of noble metals and semiconductor nanostructures will enhance the SERS signal. ,− That is because, first, the semiconductor is easy to control the surface morphology where the metal NPs are attached to make good “hot spots”, thereby increasing the signal by the EM. Second, it supports the charge-transfer process between organic molecules and the substrate of the SERS substrate by the CE.…”

Increasing charge transfer of SERS by the combination of amorphous Al2O3–Al thin film and ZnO nanorods decorated with Ag nanoparticles for trace detection of metronidazole

“…40 In addition, the surface state energy level (E ss ) of semiconductors contributed to the CT of SERS which is indicated in the published papers. 12,41 The surface defects such as surface oxygen vacancy defects in ZnO 12,41,42 and Al 2 O 3 (ref. 39) produce this E ss .…”

“…This is because these platforms not only support CT between the SERS substrate and the absorbed molecules but also direct nanostructure morphologies on which the noble metal is located. Consequently, it is very effective to achieve a highly sensitive SERS substrate made from the combination of noble metals and semiconductor nanostructures, such as the combination of Ag NPs, or Au NPs with ZnO, 6–11 AZO, 12 TiO 2 , 13,14 Al 2 O 3 , 15,16 Cu 2 ZnSnS 4, 17 Si, 18 Cu 2 O, 19 Fe 3 O 4 , 20 ZnO–CuO 21 … and recently, the 2D materials such as MoS 2 , 22 graphene. 23–25 The morphology of ZnO nanomaterials could be easily controlled for nanorods, nanowires, nanoneedles, and nanotubes.…”