Conductometric study of ion association of divalent symmetric electrolytes: I. CoSO4, NiSO4, CuSO4 and ZnSO4 in water

Conductivity and electrophoretic mobility of dilute ionic solutions

“…In this work, we have examined two complementary continuum theories of electrokinetic transport of dilute electrolyte solutions that are called collectively the ''small ion" [1][2][3][5][6][7][8][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] and ''large ion" [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]51] models. Conductance data of dilute binary electrolyte solutions is readily available, fairly extensive, and accurate [56,57].…”

“…These results serve to reinforce both ''small ion" and ''large ion" methodologies as far as application to the electrophoretic mobility and conductivity of small (spherical) ions is concerned. Despite the large absolute electrostatic potentials present when polyvalent ions are present, the use of the linear PoissonBoltzmann equation in the ''small ion" theory [2,3,[5][6][7][8][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] does not lead to significant errors in conductivity for ions of absolute valence less than or equal to 3. The ''large ion" approach [31,[33][34][35][36][37]51] also works well provided account is taken of the Brownian motion of all ions present.…”

“…The ''small ion" theory pioneered by Fuoss and Onsager [2,3] remains in widespread use to this day not only for fully dissociated electrolytes, but undissociated electrolytes as well [43]. With few exceptions [41], the overwhelming majority of applications involve symmetric binary electrolytes [43][44][45]. The limiting assumptions of the ''small ion" theory are: (1) solvent and mobile ions are treated as a continuum, (2) electrostatics are described by the linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation, (3) a single ion exclusion distance, a ex , is included in modeling, (4) ja ex is small (small ion sizes and low electrolyte concentration).…”

“…In the ''small ion" theory [2,3,[5][6][7][8][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], size enters implicitly through the K j0 terms and explicitly through the ion exclusion distance, a ex . The effect of a ex on conductance becomes significant at higher electrolyte concentration.…”

Transport properties of 2:2 symmetrical electrolytes in (water+ethylene glycol) binary mixtures at T=293.15K

“…A literature survey revealed that conductivity studies on aqueous solutions of zinc(II) sulfate have been already reported by Acevedo et al [27] and Bešter Rogač et al [28]. As far as we know, viscometric and conductivity studies of zinc(II) sulfate in (water + EG) binary mixtures have not been carried out.…”