Cone calorimetry studies of fire retardant soybean-oil-based copolymers containing silicon or boron: Comparison of additive and reactive approaches

To clarify how the fire resistance of ultra-low density fiberboards (ULDFs) was improved by the Si-Al compounds and to compare the effect of fire resistance between Si-Al compounds and fire retardant (chlorinated paraffin), the fire performance of ULDFs was evaluated by cone calorimetry. Comparing Si-Al compounds to chlorinated paraffin, the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), mass loss, total smoke release, and off-gases (CO and CO2) release of ULDFs treated with Si-Al compounds significantly decreased. However, when Si-Al compounds and chlorinated paraffins were simultaneously added, the mixed fiberboards showed the best results for peak of HRR (100.76 kW m ), and residual mass (34.26%). These results indicated that the Si-Al compounds had a significant effect on improving the fire resistance of ULDFs, and the Si-Al compounds and chlorinated paraffins have a synergistic effect in ULDFs.

Section: Smoke and Off-gases (Co And Co2) Releasementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Mass Loss Vs Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Performance of Si-Al Ultra-Low Density Fiberboards Evaluated by Cone Calorimetry

Chen

Niu

et al. 2015

“…Among BF, NPF, SF, and HF, the residual mass of SF (35.49%) was higher by 9.78%, 3.68%, and 14.01% than BF, NPF, and HF, respectively. This result could be ascribed to the inorganic film, which acts as a barrier to fuel transport (Sacristán et al 2010;Chen et al 2015b). In contrast, chlorinated paraffins cannot form a barrier to slow or prevent the release of fuel to the flame front, which corresponded to its high value of HHR and low percentage mass loss (21.48%).…”

Section: Mass Loss Vs Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Complex Fire-Retardants on the Fire Properties of Ultra-low Density Fiberboard (ULDF)

Chen¹,

Liu²,

Wu³

et al. 2016

The preparation conditions of complex fire-retardant (FR) agents containing boron compounds (BF, X1), nitrogen-phosphorus compounds (NPF, X2), silicon compounds (SF, X3), and halogen compounds (HF, X4) for ultra-low density fiberboard (ULDF) were optimized using a response surface methodology. The effects and interactions of X1, X2, X3, and X4 on the fire properties of ULDF were investigated. An optimum char yield of 61.4% was obtained when the complex fire-retardant agents contained 33.9% boron, 27.2% nitrogen-phosphorus, 15.0% silicon, and 28.6% halogen. Compared with control fiberboard (CF), the heat release rate (HRR) profiles of all fiberboards with FRs were reduced. The peak HRR reduction in BF and NPF was more pronounced than for SF and HF at this stage. . Additionally, Si compounds showed greater effectiveness in preventing ULDF mass loss than BF, NPF, and HF. MF showed the highest residual mass (40.94%). Furthermore, the synergistic effect between four FR agents showed more significant results in ULDFs.

“…Many fire-retardants have been used to treat wood-based composites, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, boron, silica-based compounds, halogen type fire retardants, titanium oxide, and their combinations (Saka and Ueno 1997;Lewin 2005;Baysal et al 2007a,b;Branca and Blasi 2007;Genovese and Shanks 2008;Hagen et al 2009;Sacristán et al 2010;Schartel 2010;Fu et al 2011;Mahr et al 2012;Unger et al 2012;Xie and Liu 2012;Niu et al 2014;Chen et al 2015a). They can be used alone, together, or in association with other additives (Durin-France et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Performance of Ultra-Low Density Fiberboard (ULDF) with Complex Fire-Retardants

Liu¹,

Chen²,

Wei³

et al. 2016

To clarify how the fire performance of ultra-low density fiberboard (ULDF) can be improved by complex fire-retardants, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and microstructure of ULDFs with different additive amounts of complex fire-retardants was analyzed. The char yield, chemical bonding, and thermostability of ULDFs treated by different temperatures were also tested. Results showed that the LOI values and compactness of ULDFs were increased with increased amounts of fire-retardants. Three steps of char yield curves in control fiberboard (CF) and mixed fiberboard (MF) were apparent. The preliminary degradation in lignin and cellulose of CF occurred at 300 °C. The cellulose had completely decomposed at 400 °C, but in the case of MF, the lignin and cellulose were not completely decomposed at 400 °C. It was shown that there are different ways to improve the fire resistance of ULDF using boron, nitrogen-phosphorus, silica, and halogen-based fire-retardants. The fiberboard with silicium compounds had the lowest mass loss in three stages and total mass loss. Compared with CF, MF had a lower mass loss. Furthermore, the exothermic peak for MF at around 400.0 °C was decreased, indicating that the fire resistance of ULDF was improved by the complex fire-retardants.