Cone-Mediated Function Correlates to Altered Foveal Morphology in Preterm-Born Children at School Age

Bowl, Wadim; Raoof, Sinan; Lorenz, Birgit; Holve, Kerstin; Schweinfurth, Silke; Stieger, Knut; Andrassi-Darida, Monika

doi:10.1167/iovs.18-24892

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Peripapillary microvascular alterations in prematurely born patients with ROP in this study might have occurred as a conjunction of disruption in neurovascular development of preterm children. Numerous studies have provided evidence on alterations of structural and functional development in prematurely born patients regarding the visual system 13,16,[30][31][32][33] and the nervous system [34][35][36] . However, whether ROP affected peripapillary perfusion directly or shared background properties in this study was unclear because all subjects in this study had histories of ROP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal and peripapillary vascular deformations in prematurely born children aged 4–12 years with a history of retinopathy of prematurity

Lee

Park

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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In this study, foveal, parafoveal, peripapillary anatomical, and microvascular anomalies in prematurely born children aged 4–12 years with a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were evaluated. Seventy-eight eyes of 78 prematurely born children ([tROP]: ROP with laser treatment, [srROP]: spontaneously regressed ROP) and 43 eyes of 43 healthy children were included. Foveal and peripapillary morphological parameters (including ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness) and vasculature parameters (including foveal avascular zone area, vessel density from superficial retinal capillary plexus (SRCP), deep retinal capillary plexus (DRCP), and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) segments) were analyzed. Foveal vessel densities in SRCP and DRCP were increased and parafoveal vessel densities in SRCP and RPC segments vessel density were decreased in both ROP groups compared with those of control eyes. The best-corrected visual acuity was negatively correlated with pRNFL thickness in the tROP group. Refractive error was negatively correlated with vessel density of RPC segments in the srROP group. In children born preterm with a history of ROP, it was found that foveal, parafoveal, and peripapillary structural and vascular anomalies and redistribution were accompanied. These retinal vascular and anatomical structure anomalies showed close relationships with visual functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal and peripapillary vascular deformations in prematurely born children aged 4–12 years with a history of retinopathy of prematurity

Lee

Park

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…56 Unlike the genetic causes of foveal hypoplasia (such as albinism and PAX6 mutations), the foveal morphology and foveal specialization characteristics in pre-term born children are distinct. [57][58][59] Specifically, macular developmental arrest has been reported in 44% of spontaneously regressed ROP and in 27% of preterm infants without ROP. 57…”

Section: Prematuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal and abnormal foveal development

et al. 2020

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Normal foveal development begins in utero at midgestation with centrifugal displacement of inner retinal layers (IRLs) from the location of the incipient fovea. The outer retinal changes such as increase in cone cell bodies, cone elongation and packing mainly occur after birth and continue until 13 years of age. The maturity of the fovea can be assessed invivo using optical coherence tomography, which in normal development would show a well-developed foveal pit, extrusion of IRLs, thickened outer nuclear layer and long outer segments. Developmental abnormalities of various degrees can result in foveal hypoplasia (FH). This is a characteristic feature for example in albinism, aniridia, prematurity, foveal hypoplasia with optic nerve decussation defects with or without anterior segment dysgenesis without albinism (FHONDA) and optic nerve hypoplasia. In achromatopsia, there is disruption of the outer retinal layers with atypical FH. Similarly, in retinal dystrophies, there is abnormal lamination of the IRLs sometimes with persistent IRLs. Morphology of FH provides clues to diagnoses, and grading correlates to visual acuity. The outer segment thickness is a surrogate marker for cone density and in foveal hypoplasia this correlates strongly with visual acuity. In preverbal children grading FH can help predict future visual acuity.

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“…Cone photoreceptor anomalies caused by abnormal retinal development could explain the delayed latencies from small checks conveyed by the parvocellular pathway. Indeed, decreased cone-mediated pupillary response to photopic stimuli has been shown in children born preterm with macular developmental arrest characterised by a shallowed pit with significantly reduced outer nuclear layer to inner retinal layer ratio in the fovea [ 31 , 32 ]. Cone anomalies in the fovea due to an immature retina at birth could cause poor synaptic connections with projecting ganglion cells, leading to slower VEPs reaching the visual cortex for processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal structure and visual pathway function at school age in children born extremely preterm: a population-based study

et al. 2023

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Background Children born extremely preterm (gestational age < 28 weeks) show reduced visual function even without any cerebral or ophthalmological neonatal diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to assess the retinal structure with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual function with pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (PR-VEPs) in a geographically defined population-based cohort of school-aged children born extremely preterm. Moreover, we aimed to explore the association between measures of retinal structure and visual pathway function in this cohort. Methods All children born extremely preterm from 2006–2011 (n = 65) in Central Norway were invited to participate. Thirty-six children (55%) with a median age of 13 years (range = 10–16) were examined with OCT, OCT-angiography (OCT-A), and PR-VEPs. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and circularity, central macular vascular density, and flow were measured on OCT-A images. Central retinal thickness, circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and inner plexiform ganglion cell layer (IPGCL) thickness were measured on OCT images. The N70-P100 peak-to-peak amplitude and N70 and P100 latencies were assessed from PR-VEPs. Results Participants displayed abnormal retinal structure and P100 latencies (≥ 2 SD) compared to reference populations. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between P100 latency in large checks and RNFL (r = -.54, p = .003) and IPGCL (r = -.41, p = .003) thickness. The FAZ was smaller (p = .003), macular vascular density (p = .006) and flow were higher (p = .004), and RNFL (p = .006) and IPGCL (p = .014) were thinner in participants with ROP (n = 7). Conclusion Children born extremely preterm without preterm brain injury sequelae have signs of persistent immaturity of retinal vasculature and neuroretinal layers. Thinner neuroretinal layers are associated with delayed P100 latency, prompting further exploration of the visual pathway development in preterms.

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Cone-Mediated Function Correlates to Altered Foveal Morphology in Preterm-Born Children at School Age

Abstract: Cone-mediated function correlates to altered foveal morphology in preterm-born children at school age.

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Retinal and peripapillary vascular deformations in prematurely born children aged 4–12 years with a history of retinopathy of prematurity

Retinal and peripapillary vascular deformations in prematurely born children aged 4–12 years with a history of retinopathy of prematurity

Normal and abnormal foveal development

Retinal structure and visual pathway function at school age in children born extremely preterm: a population-based study

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