Cone of economy classification: evolution, concept of stability, severity level, and correlation to patient-reported outcome scores

Early Postural Stability Changes in Patients Undergoing Correction of Spinal Deformity

“…[24][25][26] In addition, more head sway within the COE indicates that the patient is using more energy to maintain their position in their COE, and further puts them at increased probability of being outside their COE, which in theory requires more energy to maintain balance, and leads to more sway. Haddas' et al 27 found that higher magnitude of head sway within the COE and range of sway correlated with worsening PROMs.…”

Assessing disability and function in patients with musculoskeletal disorders utilizing wearable medical technology: Opportunities and challenges

“…For more sophisticated disability and function analysis, clinicians may order a gait/function analysis at a local human motion analysis lab for their patients. In this lab, clinicians could expect a detailed report on patients' kinematics (walking speed, step length and time, range of motion, and range of sway), neuromuscular activity (muscle onset, magnitude, and coordination), kinetic (ground reaction force and pressure), and physiological factor (heart rate, VO 2 capacity, and max) [5,6]. An in-depth analysis is possible, however it can be costly and have geographical limitations, and insurance coverage may not always be available [3].…”

“…An in-depth analysis is possible, however it can be costly and have geographical limitations, and insurance coverage may not always be available [3]. Over the past decade, there has been use of disability and functional outcome measurements (DFOMs), objective quantitative measurements of physical function, in orthopedics care, and are beginning to be included as part of the standard of care [3,6]. DFOMs, along with other PROMs, can provide better and more objective insight regarding patient care and may help to define optimal patient-specific treatment plans [3,6,7].…”

“…Over the past decade, there has been use of disability and functional outcome measurements (DFOMs), objective quantitative measurements of physical function, in orthopedics care, and are beginning to be included as part of the standard of care [3,6]. DFOMs, along with other PROMs, can provide better and more objective insight regarding patient care and may help to define optimal patient-specific treatment plans [3,6,7]. With new technological advancements, as well as a renewed emphasis on self-awareness of personal health in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, there has been an increased demand for feasible and easy-touse tools to better quantify a patient's health.…”