Confidence as a Priority Signal

Aguilar-Lleyda, David; Lemarchand, Maxime; Gardelle, Vincent de

doi:10.1177/0956797620925039

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…When asked about one's own ability to perform such tasks, developing a global sense of confidence for doing the task correctly could be more relevant and important than the confidence for each individual perceptual decision. Such a global confidence will be useful to predict future performance and to decide whether or not one should engage in a task (e.g., Aguilar-Lleyda et al, 2020;Carlebach & Yeung, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global visual confidence

Lee¹,

Gardelle

Mamassian

2021

Psychon Bull Rev

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Visual confidence is the observers’ estimate of their precision in one single perceptual decision. Ultimately, however, observers often need to judge their confidence over a task in general rather than merely on one single decision. Here, we measured the global confidence acquired across multiple perceptual decisions. Participants performed a dual task on two series of oriented stimuli. The perceptual task was an orientation-discrimination judgment. The metacognitive task was a global confidence judgment: observers chose the series for which they felt they had performed better in the perceptual task. We found that choice accuracy in global confidence judgments improved as the number of items in the series increased, regardless of whether the global confidence judgment was made before (prospective) or after (retrospective) the perceptual decisions. This result is evidence that global confidence judgment was based on an integration of confidence information across multiple perceptual decisions rather than on a single one. Furthermore, we found a tendency for global confidence choices to be influenced by response times, and more so for recent perceptual decisions than earlier ones in the series of stimuli. Using model comparison, we found that global confidence is well described as a combination of noisy estimates of sensory evidence and position-weighted response-time evidence. In summary, humans can integrate information across multiple decisions to estimate global confidence, but this integration is not optimal, in particular because of biases in the use of response-time information.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global visual confidence

Lee¹,

Gardelle

Mamassian

2021

Psychon Bull Rev

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“…Accurate metacognition is important in many domains such as successful learning (Aguilar-Lleyda et al, 2020;Hainguerlot et al, 2018;Schunk & Ertmer, 2000) and sequential decisions (van den Berg et al, 2016). However, metacognition is often found to be inefficient (Fleming et al, 2010;Maniscalco & Lau, 2012;Metcalfe & Shimamura, 1994;Shekhar & Rahnev, 2021a) and the nature and properties of this metacognitive inefficiency are not yet well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the robustness of the relationship between metacognitive efficiency and metacognitive bias

Xue¹

2021

Preprint

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It is now widely appreciated that confidence ratings are corrupted by metacognitive noise. We recently demonstrated that the level of metacognitive noise increases as the evidence for a decision becomes stronger. This effect leads to the prediction that metacognitive sensitivity and metacognitive bias are confounded such that increasing one’s confidence should result in higher estimated metacognitive sensitivity. In order to test this predicted relationship, we developed a new method to simulate a change in confidence by removing the confidence criteria separating either the highest or the lowest confidence ratings. The method enables us to manipulate a subject’s metacognitive bias after data have already been collected. We applied this manipulation to the data from three tasks from the Confidence Database (N > 400 in each) and found that simulating a bias towards higher confidence indeed led to higher estimates of metacognitive sensitivity. These results provide support for the notion that metacognitive noise increases with decision evidence, and point to an important confound between metacognitive sensitivity and metacognitive bias.

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“…It has been proposed that -similar to reward -confidence may serve as a common currency to compare and prioritize between tasks (de Gardelle, Le Corre, & Mamassian, 2016;de Gardelle & Mamassian, 2014). In line with this proposal, people prioritize higher confidence tasks over lower confidence tasks when sequencing tasks, all else being equal (Aguilar-Lleyda, Lemarchand, & de Gardelle, 2020). Given that confidence is typically higher for easier tasks, these findings could reflect another instance of effort avoidance (Desender et al, 2017;Dunn et al, 2016;Kool et al, 2010;.…”

Section: Monitoring Over Multiple Levels Of a Response Hierarchymentioning

confidence: 91%

Filling the gaps: Cognitive control as a critical lens for understanding mechanisms of value-based decision-making

Frömer¹,

Shenhav²

2021

Preprint

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Research into value-based decision making has made tremendous progress in identifying behavioral and neural correlates of choice value. However, these correlates have been primarily viewed through a field-specific lens, focusing on how they contribute to the evaluation and selection between options to arrive at a choice. Here, we reveal blind-spots resulting from this limited perspective, and how they can be filled in through taking the perspective of cognitive control. We highlight three particular insights that this perspective offers: (1) a view towards the goal-relevance of one’s options and their features; (2) a view of decision-making correlates as a proxy for monitoring to determine control adjustments; (3) a view of those correlates as a proxy for monitoring that extends temporally and hierarchically beyond the immediate choice task. We show how adopting these complementary perspectives offers new insight into the determinants of both decisions and control; alternative interpretations for common findings in the neuroeconomic literature; and fruitful directions for future research.

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Confidence as a Priority Signal

Cited by 29 publications

References 43 publications

Global visual confidence

Global visual confidence

Examining the robustness of the relationship between metacognitive efficiency and metacognitive bias

Filling the gaps: Cognitive control as a critical lens for understanding mechanisms of value-based decision-making

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