Confidence gap between men and women in medicine: a systematic review

Vajapey, Sravya P.; Weber, Kristy; Samora, Julie Balch

doi:10.1097/bco.0000000000000906

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A recent systematic review showed no objective differences in actual performance or skills between male and female physicians at any level of training, although the self-reported scores of males in clinical knowledge, skills, procedural confidence, operative experience, and other competencies were higher than those reported by females. 41 The rate of identification with impostor syndrome was also higher in women. 41 Therefore, it is possible that female neurointerventionalists perceive they are less competent at performing the entire variety of neurointerventional procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Women in neurointervention, a gender gap? Results of a prospective online survey

Power

Biondi

Saatçi³

et al. 2021

Interv Neuroradiol

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Background and Purpose Women's representation in medicine has increased over time yet the proportion of women practicing neurointervention remains low. We conducted an anonymous online survey through which we could explore the gender gap in neurointervention, identify potential issues, difficulties, or obstacles women might face, and evaluate if men encounter similar issues. Methods An online questionnaire was designed in SurveyMonkey®. Invitation to participate was emailed through national and international neurointerventional societies as well as directly through private mailing lists to men and women working in neurointervention. Responses were collected from 10 May 2019 to 10 September 2019. Results There were 295 complete responses, 173 (59%) male and 122 (41%) female. Most respondents (83%) fell within age categories 35–60 years, with representation from 40 countries across five continents. In all 95% were working full time, 73% had worked as a neurointerventionalist for >6 years, 77% worked in University-affiliated teaching institutions. Almost half of the respondents indicated no female neurointerventionalist worked in their center. Female respondents were younger and age-adjusted analysis was undertaken. Significantly fewer females than males were married and had children. Significantly fewer females held supervisory roles, held academic titles, and significantly less had a mentor. Females were less satisfied in their careers. More females felt they receive less recognition than colleagues of the opposite sex. Males had a greater proportion of work time dedicated to neurointervention. Similar proportions of both genders experienced bullying in work (40%–47%); however, sexual harassment was more common for females. There were no differences between genders in how they dealt with complications or their effects on mental well-being. Conclusion There are many potential reasons why women are underrepresented in neurointervention, however, the literature suggests this is not unique to our specialty. Multiple long-term strategies will be necessary to address these issues, some of which are discussed in the article.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…41 The rate of identification with impostor syndrome was also higher in women. 41 Therefore, it is possible that female neurointerventionalists perceive they are less competent at performing the entire variety of neurointerventional procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Women in neurointervention, a gender gap? Results of a prospective online survey

Power

Biondi

Saatçi³

et al. 2021

Interv Neuroradiol

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“…Age did not influence the results and, while males generally expressed more excitement and less fear compared to female responders, the differences were small in absolute terms. Nonetheless, some of the differences between the genders, might be due to systematic gaps in confidence levels between men and women (19,20). The majority of the responders were not afraid of being replaced by AI and felt that AI will improve dermatopathology making it more exciting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence Within Dermatopathology: An International Online Survey

Polesie

McKee²,

Gardner

et al. 2020

Front. Med.

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Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently surfaced as a research topic in dermatology and dermatopathology. In a recent survey, dermatologists were overall positive toward a development with an increased use of AI, but little is known about the corresponding attitudes among pathologists working with dermatopathology. The objective of this investigation was to make an inventory of these attitudes.Participants and Methods: An anonymous and voluntary online survey was prepared and distributed to pathologists who regularly analyzed dermatopathology slides/images. The survey consisted of 39 question divided in five sections; (1) AI as a topic in pathology; (2) previous exposure to AI as a topic in general; (3) applications for AI in dermatopathology; (4) feelings and attitudes toward AI and (5) self-reported tech-savviness and demographics. The survey opened on March 13, 2020 and closed on May 5, 2020.Results: Overall, 718 responders (64.1% females) representing 91 countries were analyzed. While 81.5% of responders were aware of AI as an emerging topic in pathology, only 18.8% had either good or excellent knowledge about AI. In terms of diagnosis classification, 42.6% saw strong or very strong potential for automated suggestion of skin tumor diagnoses. The corresponding figure for inflammatory skin diseases was 23.0% (P adj <0.0001). For specific applications, the highest potential was considered for automated detection of mitosis (79.2%), automated suggestion of tumor margins (62.1%) and immunostaining evaluation (62.7%). The potential for automated suggestion of immunostaining (37.6%) and genetic panels (48.3%) were lower. Age did not impact the overall attitudes toward AI. Only 6.0% of the responders agreed or strongly agreed that the human pathologist will be replaced by AI in the foreseeable future. For the entire group, 72.3% agreed or strongly agreed that AI will improve dermatopathology and 84.1% thought that AI should be a part of medical training.Polesie et al. Attitudes Toward AI Within DematopathologyConclusions: Pathologists are generally optimistic about the impact and potential benefit of AI in dermatopathology. The highest potential is expected for narrow specified tasks rather than a global automated suggestion of diagnoses. There is a strong need for education about AI and its use within dermatopathology.

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“…14,20 is is an important consideration as females comprise 91% and 65% of the work force for OT and PT, respectively. 35,36 Although it was beyond the scope of this study to inquire as to why males may be more comfortable discussing sexual concerns than females, a recent systematic review 37 found that self-identified scores of males were higher than females in several areas such as clinical knowledge, skills, procedural confidence and operative experience in the field of medicine. Additionally, females rated themselves lower in interpersonal and communication skills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comfort Level of Occupational and Physical Therapist Students in Addressing Sexual Issues With Patients

Dockter¹,

Parker²,

Gebeke³

et al. 2022

JOPTE

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Introduction. Addressing a patient's sexuality and sexual health is an important component of holistic health care, but there are several challenges affecting students' comfort levels. Studies have indicated that patients want to talk about sexual issues, but there is a lack of conversation initiation from the health care providers. Although there is research to indicate that occupational therapists (OTs) are more comfortable than physical therapists (PTs) in discussing sexual issues, both professions report a lack of content within their respective programs. e purpose of this study was to determine comfort levels of OTand PTstudents when discussing and addressing sexual issues, as well as demographic factors that might influence comfort level and perceived barriers. Methods. A survey was sent to OT and PT students from 3 different universities inquiring as to the respondent's demographics, academic and clinical training, comfort level with various patient scenarios, and perceived barriers to addressing sexual issues. Mann -Whitney U and Kruskal -Wallis statistical tests were used to analyze the differences in comfort levels between groups of students, and open ended questions were coded into themes based on similarity and frequency of responses. Results. A total of 128 students completed the survey. ird-year students, regardless of professional program, were more comfortable addressing sexual issues compared with first-year students. e most common barriers to addressing sexual issues with patients included lack of experience and lack of knowledge. Discussion and Conclusion. Overall, the comfort level was affected by age, academic year, personal demographics, and perceived confidence. Neither geographical location nor religious background had a significant influence on student comfort level.

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Confidence gap between men and women in medicine: a systematic review

Cited by 35 publications

References 51 publications

Women in neurointervention, a gender gap? Results of a prospective online survey

Women in neurointervention, a gender gap? Results of a prospective online survey

Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence Within Dermatopathology: An International Online Survey

Comfort Level of Occupational and Physical Therapist Students in Addressing Sexual Issues With Patients

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