Confident Body, Confident Child: Outcomes for Children of Parents Receiving a Universal Parenting Program to Promote Healthful Eating Patterns and Positive Body Image in Their Pre-Schoolers—An Exploratory RCT Extension

Hill, Katherine E.; Hart, Laura; Paxton, Susan J.

doi:10.3390/ijerph17030891

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Most studies focus on nutrition education for parents or educational programs targeting both preschoolers and their parents [ 26 , 27 ], but there is a general scarcity of research on nutrition education for 3- to 6-year-olds whose eating habits and food preferences are easily modified through imitation and group learning. Healthy eating habits that have been instilled in the preschool period affect later stages of life and minimize the risk of nutrition-related problems in adulthood, because nutrition affects a child’s physical, social and emotional development as well as behavior [ 2 , 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the “Colorful Eating Is Healthy Eating” Long-Term Nutrition Education Program for 3- to 6-Year-Olds on Eating Habits in the Family and Parental Nutrition Knowledge

Kostecka

2022

IJERPH

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Background: Effective strategies for improving eating habits and dietary intake in preschoolers are essential for reducing the risk of chronic non-infectious diseases in later life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term nutrition education for 3- to 6-year-olds on parental nutrition knowledge. Methods: The study was conducted as part of the “Colorful Eating is Healthy Eating” nutrition education program that has been implemented in kindergartens in Lublin since 2016. A total of 11 kindergartens were involved in this stage of the program, and 733 parents consented to participate in the project. The study was divided into three stages. In the first stage all parents completed a questionnaire containing 54 items. In the next stage, 211 children from four randomly selected kindergartens participated in the “Colorful Eating Is Healthy Eating” educational program that lasted 7 months. In the third stage of the study, the parents of children who had completed the 7-month educational program and the parents of control group children once again completed the questionnaire. Results: A positive outcome of the educational program was that it contributed to a decrease in the consumption of sweetened hot beverages (p = 0.005) and an increase in water intake (p = 0.001). The nutrition education program was also successful in reducing the consumption of sweets. Children’s education improved the parents’ knowledge about dietary sources of fiber and the recommended fiber intake, and it contributed to the awareness that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. The program did not enhance the parents’ knowledge about snacking between meals or the role of sweetened beverages in dental caries, overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Long-term multi-stage nutrition education for children aged 3 to 6 years can be helpful in shaping families’ eating habits and improving parental nutrition knowledge. However, the program was less effective in eliminating the respondents’ preference for sweet-tasting foods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the “Colorful Eating Is Healthy Eating” Long-Term Nutrition Education Program for 3- to 6-Year-Olds on Eating Habits in the Family and Parental Nutrition Knowledge

Kostecka

2022

IJERPH

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“…Parents were the earliest and social environment for children, and played a unique and signi cant role in the development of adolescents. It had become a general consensus that Parenting affects children' various aspects, such as self-esteem [48], emotional regulation [49], wellbeing [50], and eating patterns [51]. The current study ndings indicated that parental bonding was a determining factor of Chinese adolescents' self-evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

The Influencing Factors of Self-evaluation in Adolescents: A Structural Equation Modeling

Zhai

Zhang

Eshak

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Adolescents’ self-evaluation is an expressive form of their self-concept. Parental bonding, personality traits and psychological status were the three main determining factors of adolescents’ self-evaluation; however, no study has tested the effects of the three variables simultaneously. We aimed to explore these effects by a systematic approach. Methods Data came from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The associations of parental bonding (measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument), personality traits (the Responsibility Scale) and psychological status (the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K6) with self-evaluation measured in three domains (the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for children and the Self-Discipline Scale) were tested by the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. Results A total of 892 Chinese adolescents (Average age = 10.72, SD = 0.89) were included. Significant positive correlations were found among self-evaluation, parental bonding, personality traits and psychological status. The overall (direct and indirect) effect of parental bonding on adolescents’ self-evaluation was 0.49 (parental bonding→ self-evaluation, β = 0.28; parental bonding→ personality traits and psychological status→ self-evaluation, β = 0.21). Personality traits and psychological status were directly associated with adolescents’ self-evaluation (personality trait→ self-evaluation, β = 0.78 and K6→ self-evaluation, β = 0.39). Conclusions The use of SEM offered a detailed analysis of the correlations between parental bonding, personality traits, and psychological status, and a systematic approach to investigating their direct and indirect effects on adolescents’ self-evaluation. The three factors were directly associated with adolescents’ self-evaluation and parental bonding had an indirect effect on adolescents’ self-evaluation that was mediated by both personality traits and psychological status.

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“…CBCC can effectively enhance parent and child-outcomes in randomized controlled trials ( 19 , 47 , 48 ), particularly when delivered to participants via the parent workshop. A recent study of CBCC suggests that the intervention may promote healthy eating patterns and child body image up to 18 months after parents received the intervention ( 48 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Unhealthy Weight, Disordered Eating, and Poor Body Image in Children. Perspectives From Norwegian Parents and Healthcare Professionals

Fiskum

Riiber²,

Eik‐Nes

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundChildhood obesity (ChO) and eating disorders are on the rise, with concerning effects on health. Early prevention is essential as interventions after problems arise are costly and with a low success rate. In Norway, prevention of ChO has been largely weight-centered, without desired effects. Confident Body, Confident Child (CBCC) is a universal program aimed at preventing ChO, disturbed eating, and body image problems through a health-centered intervention for parents of children between 2 and 6 years. The current study is part of a cultural adaptation and translation of CBCC into Norwegian.MethodsFocus groups with parents (n = 16) and professionals (n = 11) were held around healthy eating, activity, and body image, with an emphasis on possible barriers for prevention as well as approaches considered helpful. The interviews were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsParents and professionals described parental stress connected to high standards, conflicting information, and parental comparison. A narrowing sense of normality around healthy living was described with little flexibility resulting in “all-or-nothing” thinking. Parents were anxious to say or do the wrong thing when regulating children's food intake and when faced with comments about appearance. Parents and professionals described parental concern around children not eating enough, and professionals described an increase in parents using food as regulation. Both parents and professionals expressed that having a child with overweight was tied to a sense of failure and shame. Interventions related to overweight seemed to increase stress and shame, further complicating follow-up. As an alternative, parents and professionals expressed a desire for interventions with normalizing information around “good-enough” parenting related to food and weight.DiscussionThe described fear of doing something wrong and lack of flexibility is interpreted within a stress-sensitive understanding, where stress and shame can influence parents toward mobilizing action or disengagement, presenting as dichotomous behaviors of “all-or-nothing”.ConclusionInterventions that can normalize parental concerns in a non-moralizing way may reduce stress and shame. CBCC addresses all the major concerns raised in this study, providing parents with evidence-based information they can implement into everyday life. The Norwegian cultural adaptation added extra emphasis on normalization and shame-reduction.

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Confident Body, Confident Child: Outcomes for Children of Parents Receiving a Universal Parenting Program to Promote Healthful Eating Patterns and Positive Body Image in Their Pre-Schoolers—An Exploratory RCT Extension

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

The Effect of the “Colorful Eating Is Healthy Eating” Long-Term Nutrition Education Program for 3- to 6-Year-Olds on Eating Habits in the Family and Parental Nutrition Knowledge

The Effect of the “Colorful Eating Is Healthy Eating” Long-Term Nutrition Education Program for 3- to 6-Year-Olds on Eating Habits in the Family and Parental Nutrition Knowledge

The Influencing Factors of Self-evaluation in Adolescents: A Structural Equation Modeling

Prevention of Unhealthy Weight, Disordered Eating, and Poor Body Image in Children. Perspectives From Norwegian Parents and Healthcare Professionals

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