Configuration of Gut Microbiota Structure and Potential Functionality in Two Teleosts under the Influence of Dietary Insect Meals

Panteli, Nikolas; Mastoraki, Maria; Lazarina, Maria; Chatzifotis, Stavros; Mente, Eleni; Kormas, Konstantinos Ar.; Antonopoulou, Efthimia

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9040699

Cited by 39 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…The shifts are accompanied by a slight increase in alpha diversity ( Figure 3B ), although this increase was not statistically significant. This is in line with other studies where IM-based diets were fed to the European sea bass ( Antonopoulou et al, 2019 ; Pérez-Pascual et al, 2020 ; Panteli et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Differential Modulation of the European Sea Bass Gut Microbiota by Distinct Insect Meals

et al. 2022

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The aquaculture industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors in animal food production. However, farming of carnivorous fish strongly relies on the use of wild fish-based meals, a practice that is environmentally and economically unsustainable. Insect-based diets constitute a strong candidate for fishmeal substitution, due to their high nutritional value and low environmental footprint. Nevertheless, data on the impact of insect meal (IM) on the gut microbiome of farmed fish are so far inconclusive, and very scarce in what concerns modulation of microbial-mediated functions. Here we use high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR to evaluate the impact of different IMs on the composition and chitinolytic potential of the European sea bass gut digesta- and mucosa-associated communities. Our results show that insect-based diets of distinct origins differently impact the gut microbiota of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We detected clear modulatory effects of IM on the gut microbiota, which were more pronounced in the digesta, where communities differed considerably among the diets tested. Major community shifts were associated with the use of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens, HM) and pupal exuviae (HEM) feeds and were characterized by an increase in the relative abundance of the Firmicutes families Bacillaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae and the Actinobacteria family Actinomycetaceae, which all include taxa considered beneficial for fish health. Modulation of the digesta community by HEM was characterized by a sharp increase in Paenibacillus and a decrease of several Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidota members. In turn, a mealworm larvae-based diet (Tenebrio molitor, TM) had only a modest impact on microbiota composition. Further, using quantitative PCR, we demonstrate that shifts induced by HEM were accompanied by an increase in copy number of chitinase ChiA-encoding genes, predominantly originating from Paenibacillus species with effective chitinolytic activity. Our study reveals an HEM-driven increase in chitin-degrading taxa and associated chitinolytic activity, uncovering potential benefits of adopting exuviae-supplemented diets, a waste product of insect rearing, as a functional ingredient.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Differential Modulation of the European Sea Bass Gut Microbiota by Distinct Insect Meals

et al. 2022

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“…This can be related to the lower abundance of Proteobacteria because many of the previously reported bacterial omega-3 producers belong to the class Gammaproteobacteria [ 111 ]. Feeding defatted meal caused a predicted enrichment of starch and sucrose metabolism in gut microbiota, and similar results were previously shown by Rimoldi et al [ 41 ] and Panteli et al [ 40 ] in rainbow trout and European sea bass, respectively, when fed BSF meal. This indicates gut microbiota of fish fed with defatted insect meal may have the capacity to improve dietary carbohydrates utilization by complementing the endogenous digestive enzymes [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This reduction in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis is in accordance with drastic reduction in Gram-negative Proteobacteria in full-fat meal group. In addition, gut microbiota in fish fed full-fat meal indicated predicted decrease in vitamin metabolism, supporting the previous observations in European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) and gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) fed BSF meal [ 40 ]. Considering the growth performance of fish in the present study [ 42 ], it is likely that full-fat meal benefited the metabolic activity of Atlantic salmon gut microbiota and consequently the fish growth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…To date, majority of studies on gut microbiota of fish fed BSF have been restricted to analysis of taxonomic composition. Few previous studies showed that insect-based feeds could modulate the functional repertoire of gut microbiota in fish [ 40 , 41 ] and the functional alterations of the gut microbiota to dietary insects varied with the fish species [ 40 ]. Nevertheless, we are still far from understanding how BSF and its specific compounds affect the functional profile of gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon, which is essential to identify potential fish-microbiota interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gut microbiota composition and predicted metabolic capacity by feeding diets with processed black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meals and fractions

et al. 2022

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Background Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is a promising insect species to use as a novel ingredient in fish feeds. Black soldier fly larvae consists of three major fractions, namely protein, lipid, and exoskeleton. These fractions contain bioactive compounds that can modulate the gut microbiota in fish such as antimicrobial peptides, lauric acid, and chitin. However, it is not certain how, or which fractions of black solider fly would affect gut microbiota in fish. In the present study, black soldier fly larvae were processed into three different meals (full-fat, defatted and de-chitinized) and two fractions (oil and exoskeleton), and included in diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Atlantic salmon pre-smolts were fed with these diets in comparison with a commercial-like control diet for eight weeks to investigate the effects of insect meals and fractions on the composition and predicted metabolic capacity of gut microbiota. The gut microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the predicted metabolic capacities of gut microbiota were determined using genome-scale metabolic models. Results The inclusion of insect meals and fractions decreased abundance of Proteobacteria and increased abundance of Firmicutes in salmon gut. The diets that contained insect chitin, i.e., insect meals or exoskeleton diets, increased abundance of chitinolytic bacteria including lactic acid bacteria and Actinomyces in salmon gut, with fish fed full-fat meal diet showing the highest abundances. The diets that contained insect lipids, i.e., insect meals and oil diets enriched Bacillaceae in fish gut. The fish fed diets containing full-fat insect meal had a unique gut microbiota composition dominated by beneficial lactic acid bacteria and Actinomyces, and showed a predicted increase in mucin degradation compared to the other diets. Conclusions The present results showed that the dietary inclusion of insect meals and fractions can differently modulate the composition and predicted metabolic capacity of gut microbiota in Atlantic salmon pre-smolts. The use of full-fat black soldier fly larvae meal in diets for salmon is more favorable for beneficial modulation of gut microbiota than larvae processed by separation of lipid or exoskeleton fractions.

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“…Gut health status and subacute gut pathological issues are current welfare issues that constitute a major obstacle for sustainable aquaculture development that are widely investigated by fish nutritionists working with several farmed fish species [60][61][62][63]. Research on improving feeding regimes and developing new feeds with optimal digestibility and metabolism [62][63][64][65] is a prerequisite for sustainable aquaculture growth. Probiotics can reduce subacute pathological gut problems that are frequently exhibited by farmed fish.…”

Section: Probiotics Can Reduce Subacute Intestinal Pathological Problems Improve Feed Conversion and Reduce Disease Outbreaks Mortality Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics Have the Potential to Significantly Mitigate the Environmental Impact of Freshwater Fish Farms

Nathanailides

Kolygas

Choremi

et al. 2021

Fishes

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Probiotics for freshwater fish farming can be administered as single or multiple mixtures. The expected benefits of probiotics include disease prophylaxis, improved growth, and feed conversion parameters, such as the feed conversion rate (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR). In the current work, we review the impact of probiotics on freshwater finfish aquaculture. Data were gathered from articles published during the last decade that examined the effects of probiotics on fish growth, FCR, and water quality in freshwater fishponds/tanks. While the expected benefits of probiotics are significant, the reviewed data indicate a range in the level of effects, with an average reduction in ammonia of 50.7%, SGR increase of 17.1%, and FCR decrease of 10.7%. Despite the variability in the reported benefits, probiotics appear to offer a practical solution for sustainable freshwater aquaculture. Disease prophylaxis with probiotics can reduce the need for antibiotics and maintain gut health and feed conversion. Considering that fish feed and waste are two significant parameters of the aquaculture ecological footprint, it can be argued that probiotics can contribute to reducing the environmental impact of aquaculture. In this direction, it would be beneficial if more researchers incorporated water quality parameters in future aquaculture research and protocols to minimize aquaculture’s environmental impact.

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Configuration of Gut Microbiota Structure and Potential Functionality in Two Teleosts under the Influence of Dietary Insect Meals

Cited by 39 publications

References 101 publications

Differential Modulation of the European Sea Bass Gut Microbiota by Distinct Insect Meals

Differential Modulation of the European Sea Bass Gut Microbiota by Distinct Insect Meals

Modulation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gut microbiota composition and predicted metabolic capacity by feeding diets with processed black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meals and fractions

Probiotics Have the Potential to Significantly Mitigate the Environmental Impact of Freshwater Fish Farms

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