Confined Crystallization of Organic Materials in Nanopipettes: Tracking the Early Stages of Crystal Growth and Making Seeds for Unusual Polymorphs

Abstract

Confined crystallization of organic materials in nanopipettes : tracking the early stages of crystal growth and making seeds for unusual polymorphs. Crystal Growth & Design.

Real-time monitoring of crystallization from solution by using an interdigitated array electrode sensor

“…In this framework, electrical devices allow ultrafast time response (down to nanoseconds), making them very attractive for monitoring of the dynamics of complex ensemble processes. Only very few attempts have been previously attempted, ranging from the use of nanopipette electrodes for tracking crystallization events in confinement, 13 to nanopore electrodes for DNA sequencing. 14 Very recently, a graphene field effect transistor (FET) was used to monitor in real-time the dynamics of self-assembly of molecules on a surface, 15 demonstrating that electrical readout can indeed be applied for monitoring processes of a large ensemble of interacting molecules.…”

Progress and Opportunities for Utilizing Seeding Techniques in Crystallization Processes

“…Yu and his colleagues , demonstrated that although the melt crystals of the d -mannitol and d -sorbitol seeds have thermodynamic stability, a different crystal can be formed by scattering the metastable seeds. Similarly, seeding failed to produce the desired polymorphic outcome because cross-nucleation occurred for other crystallization systems. , …”

Nanoscale kinetics of amorphous calcium carbonate precipitation in H2O and D2O

“…11,17,29 The use of nanopores, however, allows for convenient analysis of precipitation at the nanoscale by using an applied potential to mix solutions inside a confined volume and monitor the resulting changes in the ion current. Previously, the precipitation of weakly soluble phosphate salts of Zn, 30 Ca, 31 Co, 31 as well as CoCl 2 , 32 and even organic crystals 33 have been studied. We have used this approach to measure induction times for ACC precipitation in the presence of various scale inhibitors.…”