Confined tetrahydrofuran in a superabsorbent polymer for sustainable methane storage in clathrate hydrates

Kang, Dong Woo; Lee, Wonhyeong; Ahn, Young‐Ho; Lee, Jae Woo

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.128512

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…There have been some articles reporting the preparation of clathrate hydrates and semi-clathrate hydrates on the surface of various polymers to provide gas storage systems ( Figure 5 b) [ 84 , 85 ]. Su et al reported a supported hydrogel for the storage of H 2 and compared it to a simple clathrate.…”

Section: Adsorption-based Storage Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bird’s-Eye View on Polymer-Based Hydrogen Carriers for Mobile Applications

Sharifian¹,

Kern²,

Rieß³

2022

Polymers

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Globally, reducing CO2 emissions is an urgent priority. The hydrogen economy is a system that offers long-term solutions for a secure energy future and the CO2 crisis. From hydrogen production to consumption, storing systems are the foundation of a viable hydrogen economy. Each step has been the topic of intense research for decades; however, the development of a viable, safe, and efficient strategy for the storage of hydrogen remains the most challenging one. Storing hydrogen in polymer-based carriers can realize a more compact and much safer approach that does not require high pressure and cryogenic temperature, with the potential to reach the targets determined by the United States Department of Energy. This review highlights an outline of the major polymeric material groups that are capable of storing and releasing hydrogen reversibly. According to the hydrogen storage results, there is no optimal hydrogen storage system for all stationary and automotive applications so far. Additionally, a comparison is made between different polymeric carriers and relevant solid-state hydrogen carriers to better understand the amount of hydrogen that can be stored and released realistically.

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Section: Adsorption-based Storage Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bird’s-Eye View on Polymer-Based Hydrogen Carriers for Mobile Applications

Sharifian¹,

Kern²,

Rieß³

2022

Polymers

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“…Thermodynamic GHPs such as tetrahydrofuran, tetra- n -alkyl ammonium halides, and cyclopentane alter the equilibrium conditions of gas hydrate formation toward higher temperatures and lower pressures. − This means that they provide milder conditions for the hydrate formation, but the gas capacity of the hydrate decreases . However, the rate of hydrate formation and the high degree of conversion of water to hydrate are critical technological parameters for hydrate-based technology . Thus, kinetic GHPs can be more effective because they increase the hydrate formation rate without affecting thermodynamics conditions, leaving the hydrate structure unchanged. , Anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants, ,, proteins, amino acids, − some ionic liquids, metal nanoparticles, − and such natural compounds as starches, cyclodextrin, and derivatives of celluloses are the most studied kinetic GHPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…42 However, the rate of hydrate formation and the high degree of conversion of water to hydrate are critical technological parameters for hydratebased technology. 43 Thus, kinetic GHPs can be more effective because they increase the hydrate formation rate without affecting thermodynamics conditions, leaving the hydrate structure unchanged. 44,45 Anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants, 12,46,47 proteins, 48 amino acids, 49−52 some ionic liquids, 53 metal nanoparticles, 54−56 and such natural compounds as starches, 57 cyclodextrin, 58 and derivatives of celluloses 59 are the most studied kinetic GHPs.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated Castor Oil as an Efficient Biosurfactant for Improving Methane Storage in Clathrate Hydrates

Farhadian

Stoporev

Varfolomeev

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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High toxicity and huge foaming are two severe challenges for gas storage strategies based on promoting the gas hydrate formation using surfactants. The present study used castor oil as an eco-friendly resource to develop novel biosurfactants for methane storage. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and interfacial tension measurements revealed the surfactant properties of sulfonated castor oil (SCO). In addition, a high-pressure autoclave and a microdifferential scanning calorimeter test unveiled SCO as an effective kinetic hydrate promoter. The results showed that SCO significantly enhanced the rate of methane hydrate formation. A maximum of 76% water-tohydrate conversion was observed in 0.1 wt % SCO solution under stirring conditions. Pure water, 0.1 wt % SCO, and 0.1 wt % sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions allowed 50% conversion to be achieved for 329, 39, and 27 min, respectively. This made the castor oil-based reagent as effective as the well-known kinetic hydrate promoter SDS. Furthermore, the SCO solution's foam ratio and stability were 8.25 and 2.75 times lower than those of SDS. Additionally, SCO showed a more favorable safety profile for humans and the environment as it is toxic to animals in higher concentrations than SDS according to in vivo studies. In addition, a combination of high-pressure DSC, low-temperature powder Xray diffractometry, and visual analysis of hydrate samples depending on the temperature mode, promoter type, and its concentration revealed that SCO and SDS enhanced hydrate growth by different mechanisms. The loose hydrate mass was squeezed out toward the gas phase in both cases. However, in the case of SDS, the hydrate traditionally climbed the cell walls while SCO seemed to change the wall wettability, which led to the transfer of water into the reaction zone along with the forming hydrate crystals and the domed shape of the hydrate. These findings provide reliable evidence to synthesize efficient and environmentally friendly reagents based on castor oil to improve methane storage in the clathrate hydrate.

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“…Typical hydrate promoters are large guest molecules that stabilize the hydrate structures by occupying the large cages at relatively moderate pressure and temperatures. Cyclopentane (CP), , tetrahydrofuran (THF), , and propane (C 3 H 8 ) have been employed as hydrate promoters, and they have been explored for practical gas storage applications. As hydrate promoters generally have sizes larger than those of the small gaseous guest molecules, they are preferentially enclathrated in large cages of hydrates, leaving small cages empty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Formation of Hydrogen-Enriched Hydrocarbon Gas Hydrates under Static Conditions

Lee

Kang

Ahn

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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This work introduces a "hydrate seed solution", a surfactant solution containing pre-constructed structure II (sII) hydrate crystals, for the rapid formation of hydrogen-enriched hydrocarbon mixed hydrates. We observed the instantaneous nucleation and fast growth of mixed gas hydrates for both CH 4 − H 2 and C 2 H 6 −H 2 mixtures with the cyclopentane (CP) hydrate seed. The CP hydrate seed, which is immiscible with water, dominantly induces the growth of CH 4 −H 2 and C 2 H 6 −H 2 mixed gas hydrates with thermodynamically favorable sI structure. However, the THF hydrate seed, which is miscible with water, induced the formation of seed-templated sII CH 4 −H 2 or C 2 H 6 − H 2 hydrate, and the overall reaction was much slower than the CP hydrate seed case. For the C 2 H 6 −H 2 gas mixture, C 2 H 6 molecules could not occupy the small cage of hydrates, but H 2 mainly occupied the small cage. The THF hydrate seed provided a higher storage ratio of H 2 than the CP hydrate seed because the seed-templated sII C 2 H 6 −H 2 gas hydrates have a larger number of small cages than does the structure I (sI) hydrate. As the CP hydrate seed concentration decreased from 2.78 to 0.278 mol %, the growth of the mixed gas hydrates was extremely accelerated, and the overall conversion was completed within 1 h. The growth kinetics of hydrogen-enriched hydrocarbon mixed hydrates in the non-stirred system was much faster than that in prior agitation-applied studies. These findings suggest a way forward to an enhanced formation of hydrogen−natural gas clathrates for sustainable energy gas storage.

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Confined tetrahydrofuran in a superabsorbent polymer for sustainable methane storage in clathrate hydrates

Cited by 38 publications

References 64 publications

A Bird’s-Eye View on Polymer-Based Hydrogen Carriers for Mobile Applications

A Bird’s-Eye View on Polymer-Based Hydrogen Carriers for Mobile Applications

Sulfonated Castor Oil as an Efficient Biosurfactant for Improving Methane Storage in Clathrate Hydrates

Rapid Formation of Hydrogen-Enriched Hydrocarbon Gas Hydrates under Static Conditions

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