Confinement of passing and trapped runaway electrons in the simulation of an ITER current quench

Särkimäki, Konsta; Artola, Javier; Hoelzl, Matthias

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2203.09344

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The prescribed magnetic perturbation is sufficient to study qualitative trends involving transport due to magnetic perturbations, as done in this work. However, self-consistent and quantitatively accurate simulations would require coupling to a MHD model, such as JOREK [12,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In nuclear operation no combination of injected quantities could reduce the maximum runaway current much below 4 MA, which is an alarming result. The runaway current carried by the beam upon wall impact might be significantly affected in the presence of naturally occurring or externally applied magnetic perturbations remaining after the thermal quench [39], which was not considered in this work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of two-stage shattered pellet injection on tokamak disruptions

et al. 2022

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An effective disruption mitigation system in a tokamak reactor should limit the exposure of the wall to localized heat losses and to the impact of high current runaway electron beams, and avoid excessive forces on the structure. We evaluate with respect to these aspects a two-stage deuterium-neon shattered pellet injection in an ITER-like plasma, using simulations with the DREAM framework [M. Hoppe et al (2021) Comp. Phys. Commun. 268, 108098]. To minimize the obtained runaway currents an optimal range of injected deuterium quantities is found. This range is sensitive to the opacity of the plasma to Lyman radiation, which affects the ionization degree of deuterium, and thus avalanche runaway generation. The two-stage injection scheme, where dilution cooling is produced by deuterium before a radiative thermal quench caused by neon, reduces both the hot-tail seed and the localized transported heat load on the wall. However, during nuclear operation, additional runaway seed sources from the activated wall and tritium make it difficult to reach tolerably low runaway currents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of two-stage shattered pellet injection on tokamak disruptions

et al. 2022

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“…A kinetic extension of JOREK was developed initially for the simulation of edge impurities during edge localised modes 15 but has been extended for other applications such as runaway electrons 16 , edge physics, and ion temperature gradient turbulence studies 11 . It uses a particlein-cell scheme to solve the kinetic Boltzmann equation for a particular species, which can be coupled to the MHD fluid if desired.…”

Section: Energetic Particle Model In Jorekmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of a hybrid MHD-kinetic model in JOREK

Bogaarts¹,

Hoelzl²,

Huijsmans³

et al. 2022

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Energetic particle (EP) driven instabilities will be of strongly increased relevance in future burning plasmas as the EP pressure will be very large compared to the thermal plasma.Understanding the interaction of EPs and bulk plasma is crucial for developing nextgeneration fusion devices. In this work, the JOREK MHD code is extended to allow for the simulation of EP instabilities at high EP pressures using realistic plasma and EP parameter in a full-f formulation with anisotropic pressure coupling to the bluid background.The code is first benchmarked linearly for the ITPA-TAE as well as the experiment based AUG-NLED cases, obtaining good agreement to other codes. Then, it is applied to a high energetic particle pressure discharge in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak using a realistic non-Maxwellian distribution of EPs, reproducing aspects of the experimentally observed instabilities. Non-linear applications are possible based on the implentation, but will require dedicated verification and validation left for future work.

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Confinement of passing and trapped runaway electrons in the simulation of an ITER current quench

Abstract: See the author list of M. Hoelzl et al., 'The JOREK non-linear extended MHD code and applications to large-scale instabilities and their control in magnetically confined fusion plasmas', Nucl. Fusion 61 (2021) 065001

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of two-stage shattered pellet injection on tokamak disruptions

Effect of two-stage shattered pellet injection on tokamak disruptions

Development and application of a hybrid MHD-kinetic model in JOREK

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