Confining metal-halide perovskites in nanoporous thin films

Demchyshyn, Stepan; Roemer, Janina Melanie; Groiß, Heiko; Heilbrunner, Herwig; Ulbricht, Christoph; Apaydın, Doğukan Hazar; Böhm, Anton; Rütt, U.; Bertram, Florian; Hesser, Günter; Scharber, Markus C.; Sariçiftçi, Niyazi Serdar; Nickel, Bert; Bauer, Siegfried; Głowacki, Eric Daniel; Kaltenbrunner, Martin

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700738

Cited by 121 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…It was reported that the energy spectrum of an emissive compound became discrete as its dimension was reduced to nanoscale (tens nanometer). Consequently, not only the resulting bandgap was size‐dependent but also the photoluminescence (PL) would be blue‐shifted and intensified with the decrease of the nanocrystal's size, known as the quantum confinement . Thus far, versatile methods have been explored to modulate the nanostructure of perovskite materials, especially by means of controlling the stoichiometry of the perovskite precursors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, Zhang et al revealed that a ligand‐assisted reprecipitation technique, wherein the n ‐octylamine and oleic acid were added into the perovskite precursor solution as surfactants, can enhance the PL intensity and PLQY (to 70%) of CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 . Very recently, Kaltenbrunner et al employed nanoporous alumina or silicon as a scaffold to regulate the shape/size of the nanocrystalline perovskite (less than 10 nm) to exhibit conspicuous quantum size effects. Despite such achievements, the researchers are still seeking a facile method exempting from tedious purification or post‐treatment to prepare the perovskite materials, which is beneficial for the widespread applications of perovskite materials in the optoelectronic devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uniform Luminous Perovskite Nanofibers with Color‐Tunability and Improved Stability Prepared by One‐Step Core/Shell Electrospinning

Tsai

Chen

Ercan

et al. 2018

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A one-step core/shell electrospinning technique is exploited to fabricate uniform luminous perovskite-based nanofibers, wherein the perovskite and the polymer are respectively employed in the core and the outer shell. Such a coaxial electrospinning technique enables the in situ formation of perovskite nanocrystals, exempting the needs of presynthesis of perovskite quantum dots or post-treatments. It is demonstrated that not only the luminous electrospun nanofibers can possess color-tunability by simply tuning the perovskite composition, but also the grain size of the formed perovskite nanocrystals is largely affected by the perovskite precursor stoichiometry and the polymer solution concentration. Consequently, the optimized perovskite electrospun nanofiber yields a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 30.9%, significantly surpassing the value of its thin-film counterpart. Moreover, owing to the hydrophobic characteristic of shell polymer, the prepared perovskite nanofiber is endowed with a high resistance to air and water. Its photoluminescence intensity remains constant while stored under ambient environment with a relative humidity of 85% over a month and retains intensity higher than 50% of its initial intensity while immersed in water for 48 h. More intriguingly, a white light-emitting perovskite-based nanofiber is successfully fabricated by pairing the orange light-emitting compositional perovskite with a blue light-emitting conjugated polymer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uniform Luminous Perovskite Nanofibers with Color‐Tunability and Improved Stability Prepared by One‐Step Core/Shell Electrospinning

Tsai

Chen

Ercan

et al. 2018

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100

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“…[40] Employing nanoporous alumina (npAAO) matrixes, the perovskite nanocrystals were formed in a manner similar to the other two approaches (Figure 2i). Pores were only partially filled, as visualized with scanning TEM (STEM), with sphericallike perovskite NCs clearly visible, even in the rod-like pores of the npAAO (Figure 2j,k).…”

Section: Template-assisted Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Indeed, peak broadening has been observed for 8.4 nm cubic perovskite nanocrystals or in perovskite nanocrystallites synthesized in the confined geometry of porous Si wafers. [33,40] For anisotropic particles, a more careful analysis is needed. For example, several groups have successfully synthesized nanoplatelets in the cubic phase.…”

Section: Characterization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Quantum‐Confined Perovskite Nanocrystals for Optoelectronics

Polavarapu

Nickel

Feldmann

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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bivalent cation (Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ or Ge 2+ ) enveloped by an octahedron comprising six halide ions (XCl − , Br − or I − ) with A being a monovalent cation (e.g., CH 3 NH 3 + , NH 2 CHNH 2 + , or Cs + ) residing in between these corner sharing octahedra. [13,14] These components not only dictate the crystal structure, but also control their optical and electronic properties. [2,15] Exemplary is the optical bandgap, which can be tuned throughout the visible range by controlling the halide content. Halide perovskites can form two-dimensional (2D) or quasi-2D layered structures with thickness of one or a few octahedral layers. [16] The reduced thickness of these layers leads to quantum confinement effects, which changes their optical properties significantly in comparison with their three-dimensional (3D) counterparts, as studied since the 80's on thin film perovskites. [17] Recent studies have shown that nanocrystalline perovskites exhibit enhanced PLQYs and offer tunable optical properties not only through their constituent ions but also through their size. [3,[8][9][10][11]15,18,19] Quantum size effects, as illustrated in Figure 1a, have been extensively investigated in conventional semiconductor nanocrystals such as metal chalcogenides and utilized for a wide range of applications during the last two decades. [20] As the size of the nanocrystals approaches the exciton Bohr radius of the material, quantum confinement effects start to influence the excitonic wave function and the energetic states of the exciton, leading to blueshifted photoluminescence (Figure 1a). Precise control of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal size has enabled the tuning of the PL emission over wide wavelength ranges. Similarly, perovskite nanocrystals of reduced dimensionality exhibit quantum confinement effects, as shown for the case of nanoplatelets in 2015. [8][9][10]21,22] Despite recent advances, an accurate understanding of thickness-and dimensionality-dependent optical properties of perovskite nanocrystals still proves elusive due to difficulties in the controlled syntheses and characterization of their dimensions. Additionally, while many recent publications present perovskite nanocrystals, most of these show negligible or no quantum confinement. [23,24] Here we will provide a concise overview of quantum confinement effects in perovskite nanocrystals, highlighting synthetic methods and resulting properties, characterization methods and finally applications for these enticing nanostructures.Metal halide perovskites have emerged as a promising new class of layered semiconductor material for light-emitting and photovoltaic applications owing to their outstanding optical and optoelectronic properties. In nanocrystalline form, these layered perovskites exhibit extremely high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and show quantum confinement effects analogous to conventional semiconductors when their dimensions are reduced to sizes comparable to their respective exciton Bohr radii. The reduction in size leads to strongly blueshifted ...

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“…However, the applications of CsPbX 3 , including solar cells, lasers, and displays, are inhibited because of their unstable nature under an oxide and humid atmospheric environment. To improve the stability of CsPbX 3 nanocrystals, one of the efficient approaches is to incorporate them into inert host matrices, such as organic polymers and inorganic glasses …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and microstructure of perovskite CsPbCl₃ nanocrystallized chalcogenide glass‐ceramics

Long

et al. 2019

J Am Ceram Soc

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Transparent chalcogenide glass‐ceramics containing CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals were prepared through an elaborated composition design of 80GeS2·5Ga2S3·15CsPbCl3. Large size distribution of CsPbCl3 nanocrystals is observed ranging from 10 to 200 nm. XRD, Raman spectra, and SEM techniques were employed to study the further microstructural evolution after thermal treatment. The precipitation of PbGeS3 and GeS2, together with CsPbCl3, was identified according to the XRD patterns and Raman spectra. This work is of guiding significance for future design of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals in chalcogenide glass‐ceramics.

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Confining metal-halide perovskites in nanoporous thin films

Abstract: In situ perovskite nanocrystal formation within nanoporous thin films allows emission color tuning in optoelectronic devices.

Cited by 121 publications

References 67 publications

Uniform Luminous Perovskite Nanofibers with Color‐Tunability and Improved Stability Prepared by One‐Step Core/Shell Electrospinning

Uniform Luminous Perovskite Nanofibers with Color‐Tunability and Improved Stability Prepared by One‐Step Core/Shell Electrospinning

Advances in Quantum‐Confined Perovskite Nanocrystals for Optoelectronics

Fabrication and microstructure of perovskite CsPbCl₃ nanocrystallized chalcogenide glass‐ceramics

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Confining metal-halide perovskites in nanoporous thin films

Abstract: In situ perovskite nanocrystal formation within nanoporous thin films allows emission color tuning in optoelectronic devices.

Cited by 121 publications

References 67 publications

Uniform Luminous Perovskite Nanofibers with Color‐Tunability and Improved Stability Prepared by One‐Step Core/Shell Electrospinning

Uniform Luminous Perovskite Nanofibers with Color‐Tunability and Improved Stability Prepared by One‐Step Core/Shell Electrospinning

Advances in Quantum‐Confined Perovskite Nanocrystals for Optoelectronics

Fabrication and microstructure of perovskite CsPbCl3 nanocrystallized chalcogenide glass‐ceramics

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Fabrication and microstructure of perovskite CsPbCl₃ nanocrystallized chalcogenide glass‐ceramics