Confirmation and detection of novel acetolactate synthase- and protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicide-resistant redroot pigweed (<i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i>) populations in North Carolina

Jones, Eric A. L.; Andres, Ryan J.; Dunne, Jeffrey C.; León, Ramón G.; Everman, Wesley J.

doi:10.1017/wsc.2023.4

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Two ALS- and PPO-inhibiting herbicide-resistant A. retroflexus populations were collected from Camden and Pasquotank counties, North Carolina, in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The Camden County population carries a Arg-98-Gly mutation in the PPX2 gene, while the Pasquotank County population exhibited no mutation in the PPX2 gene (Jones et al 2023a). The Camden County and Pasquotank County populations are also resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides and carry a Trp-574-Leu and Pro-197-His mutation in the ALS gene, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many instances of PPO-inhibiting herbicide resistance, the mechanism of resistance is facilitated by a mutation in the PPX2 gene (Mendes et al 2020; Montgomery et al 2021). However, some PPO-inhibiting herbicide resistance is facilitated by non–target site mechanisms (Jones et al 2023a; Varanasi et al 2018). Because both target-site resistance and non–target site resistance to PPO-inhibiting herbicides have been documented in A. retroflexus , knowledge of spectral reflectance profiles between populations possessing the different mechanisms would be beneficial in developing a rapid detection assay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One hundred and sixty-nine and fourteen species have evolved resistance to the ALS- and PPO-inhibiting herbicides, respectively, including A. retroflexus (Heap 2022). While ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance has been well characterized in A. retroflexus (Ferguson et al 2001; McNaughton et al 2005), recent reports of populations resistant to ALS- and PPO-inhibiting herbicides are very concerning (Cao et al 2021; Jones et al 2023a; Wang et al 2019). Stakeholders could benefit from a rapid assay to determine whether putative PPO-inhibiting herbicide-resistant A. retroflexus individuals are present so effective control can be implemented before the biotypes become widespread (Burgos et al 2013; Squires et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination between protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) with spectral reflectance

et al. 2023

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The current assays to confirm herbicide resistance can be time and labor intensive (dose-response) or require a technical equipment/skillset (genetic sequencing). Stakeholders could benefit from rapid assay to confirm herbicide-resistant weeds to ensure sustainable crop production. Since protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides rapidly interfere with chlorophyll production/integrity; we propose a new, rapid assay utilizing spectral reflectance to confirm resistance. Leaf discs were excised from two PPO-inhibiting herbicide-resistant (target site and non-target site) and –susceptible redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) populations and placed into a 24-well plate containing different concentrations (0-10 mM) of fomesafen for 48 hours. A multispectral sensor captured images from the red (668 nm), green (560 nm), blue (475 nm), and red edge (717 nm) wavebands after a 48-hour incubation period. The green leaf index (GLI) was utilized to determine spectral reflectance ratios of the treated leaf discs. Clear differences of spectral reflectance were observed in the red edge waveband for all populations treated with the 10 mM concentration in the dose-response assays. Differences of spectral reflectance were observed for non-target site-resistant population compared to the target site-resistant and –susceptible population treated with the 10 mM concentration in green waveband and the green leaf index in the dose-response assay. Leaf discs from the aforementioned A. retroflexus populations and two additional susceptible populations were subjected to a similar assay with the discriminating concentration (10 mM). Spectral reflectance was different between the PPO-inhibiting herbicide-resistant and –susceptible populations in the red, blue, and green wavebands. Spectral reflectance was not distinctive between the populations in the red edge waveband and the GLI. The results provide a basis for rapidly (∼48 hrs) detecting PPO-inhibiting herbicide-resistant A. retroflexus via spectral reflectance. Discrimination between target- and non-target site-resistant populations was possible only in the dose-response assay, but the assay still has utility in distinguishing herbicide-resistant plants from herbicide-susceptible plants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination between protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) with spectral reflectance

et al. 2023

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“…Molecular sequencing assays have proved to be successful in confirming the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds (Bettini et al 1987;Patzoldt and Tranel 2002). The molecular assays can provide results concerning whether the weed is herbicide resistant or not on the magnitude of hours to days (Burgos et al 2013;Jones et al 2022a;Squires et al 2021). One downfall of molecular assays for confirming herbicide resistance is monogenic traits are easier to detect than polygenic traits (Burgos et al 2013;Giacomini et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of image-based spectral reflectance to detect herbicide resistance in glufosinate-resistant and glufosinate-susceptible plants: a proof of concept

et al. 2022

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Glufosinate is an effective postemergence herbicide and overreliance on this herbicide for weed control is likely to increase and select for glufosinate-resistant weeds. Common assays to confirm herbicide resistance are dose-response and molecular sequencing techniques; both can require significant time, labor, and a unique technical equipment and skillset to perform. As an alternative, we propose an image-based approach that uses a relatively inexpensive multispectral sensor designed for unmanned aerial vehicles to measure and quantify surface reflectance from glufosinate-treated leaf discs. Leaf discs were excised from a glufosinate-resistant and –susceptible corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties and placed into a 24-well plate containing eight different concentrations (0-10 mM) of glufosinate for 48 hours. Multispectral images were collected after the 48-hour incubation period across five discrete wavebands; blue (475-507nm), green (560-587 nm), red (668-682 nm), red edge (717-729 nm), and near-infrared (842-899 nm). The green leaf index (GLI [metric to measure chlorophyll content]) was utilized to determine relationships between measured reflectance from the tested wavebands from the treated leaf discs and the glufosinate concentration. Clear differences of spectral reflectance were observed between the corn, cotton and soybean leaf discs of the glufosinate-resistant and -susceptible varieties at the 10 mM concentration for select wavebands and GLI. Leaf discs from two additional glufosinate-resistant and –susceptible varieties of each crop were subjected to a similar assay with two concentrations: 0 and 10 mM. No differences of spectral reflectance were observed from the corn and soybean varieties in all wavebands and the GLI. The leaf discs of the glufosinate-resistant and –susceptible cotton varieties were spectrally distinct in the green, blue, and red-edge wavebands. The results provide a basis for rapidly detecting glufosinate-resistant plants via spectral reflectance. Future research will need to determine the glufosinate concentrations, useful wavebands, and susceptible/resistant thresholds for weeds that evolve resistance.

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“…High-quality genomic DNA was extracted from the ground leaf tissue with the Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen Sciences, Germantown, MD, USA). Both A. tuberculatus populations were genotyped with PCR-Allele Competitive Extension assays ([PACE] 3cr Bioscience, Essex, UK) previously designed to target single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance(Jones et al, 2022).The PACE assay followed the manufacturer's recommendations for thermal cycling, read with a BMG Labtech GmbH PHERAstar (BMG Labtech, Incorporate, Cary, NC, USA) and analysed with a custom single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-calling web application(https://snp-caller.herokuapp.com, Andres & Dunne, 2022). Data were reported as the normalised fluorescence (Rn) of HEX and FAM to the internal ROX standard, where the herbicide-resistant allele was tagged with the HEX fluorescence and the wild type (herbicide-susceptible) allele was tagged with the FAM fluorescence.…”

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confidence: 99%

Confirmation of a five‐way herbicide‐resistant Amaranthus tuberculatus population in North Carolina

et al. 2023

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Amaranthus tuberculatus (waterhemp) is a pervasive weed of the Mid‐west and ‐south United States and is not native to North Carolina but infestations in crop fields have been reported recently. Amaranthus tuberculatus has evolved resistance to seven herbicide groups and multiple herbicide‐resistant populations are common where the species is native. The reported A. tuberculatus infestations in North Carolina have not been controlled with herbicides but no formal herbicide resistance characterisation has been conducted to date. Glasshouse dose–response experiments were conducted to determine the susceptibility of a population collected from Surry County, North Carolina to commonly applied postemergence herbicides compared to a herbicide‐susceptible population collected from Story County, Iowa. The Surry County population survived labelled rates of imazethapyr, atrazine, glyphosate, fomesafen, and mesotrione; the Story County population was controlled with these herbicides. Further, 2,4‐D, dicamba, and glufosinate effectively controlled the Surry and Story County populations. Molecular sequencing assays were subsequently conducted to determine if altered target sites facilitated resistance in the acetolactate synthase (ALS), 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS), photosystem II (psbA), and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPX2) genes. The Surry County population carried a Trp574Leu and ∆Gly210 mutations in the ALS and PPX2 gene, respectively. No mutations that would confer resistance were found in the EPSPS or psbA gene for either population. The results of both experiments provide evidence that a five‐way herbicide‐resistant A. tuberculatus population has encroached North Carolina. More research is needed to determine the mechanisms of resistance to atrazine, glyphosate, and mesotrione.

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Confirmation and detection of novel acetolactate synthase- and protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicide-resistant redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) populations in North Carolina

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Discrimination between protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) with spectral reflectance

Discrimination between protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) with spectral reflectance

Utilization of image-based spectral reflectance to detect herbicide resistance in glufosinate-resistant and glufosinate-susceptible plants: a proof of concept

Confirmation of a five‐way herbicide‐resistant Amaranthus tuberculatus population in North Carolina

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