Confirmation of reduced temporal limbic structure volume on magnetic resonance imaging in male patients with schizophrenia

Becker, Thomas; Elmer, K.; Schneider, Frank; Schneider, Matthias; Grodd, Wolfgang; Bartels, Matthias; Heckers, Stephan; Beckmann, H.

doi:10.1016/0925-4927(96)03002-8

Cited by 78 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For example, volume reductions in the hippocampus have been reported by Bogerts et al (1990Bogerts et al ( , 1993, especially among male patients and in the left hemisphere (see also Becker et al, 1996). In addition, the volume of the parahippocampal gyrus has been found to be reduced in schizophrenic patients (Shenton et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In our present study, the effect was not lateralized to either hemisphere. Some studies have not found any differences in this region (e.g., Swayze et al, 1992;Becker et al, 1996;Staal et al, 2000). Mixed findings may be due to methodological differences such as different segmentation and measurement techniques, and different slice thicknesses, as well as differing symptom profiles of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have consistently reported temporal lobe abnormalities in schizophrenia (e.g., Johnstone et al, 1989;Bogerts et al, 1990;Becker et al, 1996; see also reviews by Shenton et al, 1997Shenton et al, , 2001aPearlson, 1997;McCarley et al, 1999). Of particular note are MRI findings of Barta et al (1990) of an association between auditory hallucinations with anteriorsuperior temporal gyrus (STG) and the findings of Shenton et al (1992) of an association between posterior STG and thought disorder, which have spurred even greater interest in this brain region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An MRI study of temporal lobe abnormalities and negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia

Anderson

Wible

McCarley

et al. 2002

Schizophrenia Research

100

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Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported various subtle brain abnormalities in schizophrenic patients, including temporal lobe abnormalities, which are of particular interest given the role of this brain region in auditory and language processing, and the characteristic deficits in these processes in schizophrenia. Subjects in this study were 16 male patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia and 15 healthy male comparison subjects. These patients were characterized by negative symptoms. High spatial resolution coronal MRI 1.5-mm-thick slices were used to measure the gray matter volume of the superior temporal gyrus, anterior and posterior amygdala/ hippocampal complex, and parahippocampal gyrus. Patients, relative to normal comparison subjects, evinced a reduction of gray matter volume in bilateral superior temporal gyri and anterior amygdala/ hippocampal complex. The reduction in gray matter of the superior temporal gyrus in patients with schizophrenia is consistent with previous findings, and is noteworthy in that it was found in this group of patients with predominantly negative symptoms. The reduction in the anterior amygdala/ hippocampal complex was an additional temporal lobe finding. These results underscore the role of temporal lobe structures in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An MRI study of temporal lobe abnormalities and negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia

Anderson

Wible

McCarley

et al. 2002

Schizophrenia Research

100

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“…Becker et al, 1990Becker et al, , 1996Bogerts et al, 1990Bogerts et al, , 1993bBreier et al, 1992;Chua and McKenna, 1995;DeLisi et al, 1988DeLisi et al, , 1991Hirayasu et al, 1998;Kawasaki et al, 1993;Lawrie et al, 1999;Shenton et al, 1992). There has nonetheless generally been an attempt made to delineate an anterior portion which is primarily amygdala, and a posterior portion which is primarily hippocampus.…”

Section: Temporal Lobe Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia

Shenton

Dickey

Frumin

et al. 2001

Schizophrenia Research

2,145

121

1,332

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After more than 100 years of research, the neuropathology of schizophrenia remains unknown and this is despite the fact that both Kraepelin (1919/1971: Kraepelin,E., 1919/1971. Dementia praecox. Churchill Livingston Inc., New York) and Bleuler (1911/1950: Bleuler, E., 1911/1950. Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias. International Universities Press, New York), who first described 'dementia praecox' and the ' schizophrenias', were convinced that schizophrenia would ultimately be linked to an organic brain disorder. Alzheimer (1897: Alzheimer, A., 1897. Beitrage zur pathologischen anatomie der hirnrinde und zur anatomischen grundlage einiger psychosen. Monatsschrift fur Psychiarie und Neurologie. 2, 82-120) was the first to investigate the neuropathology of schizophrenia, though he went on to study more tractable brain diseases. The results of subsequent neuropathological studies were disappointing because of conflicting findings. Research interest thus waned and did not flourish again until 1976, following the pivotal computer assisted tomography (CT) finding of lateral ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia by Johnstone and colleagues. Since that time significant progress has been made in brain imaging, particularly with the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), beginning with the first MRI study of schizophrenia by Smith and coworkers in 1984 (Smith, R.C., Calderon, M., Ravichandran, G. K., et al. (1984). Nuclear magnetic resonance in schizophrenia: A preliminary study. Psychiatry Res. 12, 137-147). MR in vivo imaging of the brain now confirms brain abnormalities in schizophrenia.The 193 peer reviewed MRI studies reported in the current review span the period from 1988 to August, 2000. This 12 year period has witnessed a burgeoning of MRI studies and has led to more definitive findings of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia than any other time period in the history of schizophrenia research. Such progress in defining the neuropathology of schizophrenia is largely due to advances in in vivo MRI techniques. These advances have now led to the identification of a number of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. Some of these abnormalities confirm earlier postmortem findings, and most are small and subtle, rather than large, thus necessitating more advanced and accurate measurement tools. These findings include ventricular enlargement (80% of studies reviewed) and third ventricle enlargement (73% of studies reviewed). There is also preferential involvement of medial temporal lobe structures (74% of studies reviewed), which include the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus, and neocortical temporal lobe regions (superior temporal gyrus) (100% of studies reviewed). When gray and white matter of superior temporal gyrus was combined, 67% of studies reported abnormalities. There was also moderate evidence for frontal lobe abnormalities (59% of studies reviewed), particularly prefrontal gray matter and orbitofrontal regions. Similarly, there was moderate evidence for parietal lobe ab...

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“…However, excitotoxic neurodegeneration may contribute to the course of the disease. Certain features of schizophrenia suggest a limited neurodegenerative process; e.g., a correlation between the progression of symptoms, including behavioral and cognitive deterioration (Lieberman, 1999), with ventricular enlargement (DeLisi et al, 1997;Flaum et al, 1995;Kelsoe et al, 1988;Pfefferbaum et al, 1988;Weinberger et al, 1979), hippocampal volume reduction (Becker et al, 1996;Heckers, 2001;Marsh et al, 1994), and a reduction in cortical gray matter (Lim et al, 1996;Zipursky et al, 1992). Some of these abnormalities may be present early on, and they may not progress much during the course of the illness (Davies et al, 1998;Illowsky et al, 1988;Nasrallah et al, 1986;Vita et al, 1997), while others are consistent with the notion that abnormal glutamatergic mechanisms and excitotoxicity contribute to schizophrenia (Olney et al, 1999).…”

Section: Neurotoxicity In Schizophrenia-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular aspects of glutamate dysregulation: implications for schizophrenia and its treatment

Konradi

Heckers

2003

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

Self Cite

296

165

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The glutamate system is involved in many aspects of neuronal synaptic strength and function during development and throughout life. Synapse formation in early brain development, synapse maintenance, and synaptic plasticity are all influenced by the glutamate system. The number of neurons and the number of their connections are determined by the activity of the glutamate system and its receptors. Malfunctions of the glutamate system affect neuroplasticity and can cause neuronal toxicity. In schizophrenia, many glutamate-regulated processes seem to be perturbed. Abnormal neuronal development, abnormal synaptic plasticity, and neurodegeneration have been proposed to be causal or contributing factors in schizophrenia. Interestingly, it seems that the glutamate system is dysregulated and that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors operate at reduced activity. Here we discuss how the molecular aspects of glutamate malfunction can explain some of the neuropathology observed in schizophrenia, and how the available treatment intervenes through the glutamate system.

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Confirmation of reduced temporal limbic structure volume on magnetic resonance imaging in male patients with schizophrenia

Cited by 78 publications

References 28 publications

An MRI study of temporal lobe abnormalities and negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia

An MRI study of temporal lobe abnormalities and negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia

A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia

Molecular aspects of glutamate dysregulation: implications for schizophrenia and its treatment

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