Confirmation of the Anomeric Structure of Galacturonic Acid in the Galacturonosyl‐Ceramide of <i>Sphingomonas yanoikuyae</i>

Kawahara, Kazuyoshi; Sato, Noriko; Tsuge, Kouichiro; Seto, Yasuo

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2006.tb03763.x

Cited by 13 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…20,21) Recent reports have shown that these bacteria can degrade refractory contaminants and produce gellan exopolysaccharides. 22) However, since the components of GSLs produced by sphingomonads are characteristic of galacturonosylceramide, 23,24) and of amino sugar-containing saccharide chains, 25) and GSLs generally are produced by eukaryotic cells, CMSs must be the products of constituent fungi. To examine the seasonal prevalence of fungi, seven strains of fungi were isolated from activated sludge in January and in May 2007, and their genera were identified as Mucor, Geotrichum, Trichosporon, Candida, and Trichoderma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycosphingolipids as a Possible Signature of Microbial Communities in Activated Sludge and the Potential Contribution of Fungi to Wastewater Treatment under Cold Conditions

Tsuge

Hiratsuka

Kamimiya

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycosphingolipids as a Possible Signature of Microbial Communities in Activated Sludge and the Potential Contribution of Fungi to Wastewater Treatment under Cold Conditions

Tsuge

Hiratsuka

Kamimiya

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…The GSLs extracted from the cells gave two spots, corresponding to GSL-1 (α-glucuronosyl-ceramide) and GSL-1 (α-galacturonosyl-ceramide) from Sphingobium yanoikuyae (Kawahara et al, 2006) on TLC as shown in Fig. 1, suggesting that strain ATCC 27551 contained the same GSLs as S. yanoikuyae.…”

Section: Other Chemotaxonomic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Reclassification of a parathione-degrading Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 as Sphingobium fuliginis

Kawahara

Tanaka

Yoon

et al. 2010

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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IntroductionFlavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 was isolated from paddy fi eld water of the Philippines as a degrader of organophosphorus pesticides such as diazinon and parathion (Sethunathan and Yoshida, 1973a). The pesticides were found to be degraded by organophosphorus hydrolase (Mulbry and Karns, 1989) which was encoded on a 43-kb plasmid (Mulbry et al., 1986). The organophosphorus hydrolase has a broad range of substrates and functions at broad pH and temperature (Mulbry et al., 1986), and therefore considered to be useful for the detoxifi cation of the pesticide-polluted environment. Moreover, it has been recently applied to the degradation of nerve agents such as sarin and soman (Dumas et al., 1990) for decontamination in the case of chemical terrorism.In spite of the intensive study of the degrading enzyme, classifi cation of the producer of the enzyme has not attracted attention, and strain ATCC 27551 has been kept as Flavobacterium sp. since the early studies of this bacterium in 1970s (Sethunathan and Yoshida, 1973b). However, bacterial taxonomy has developed in these several decades and the members of the genus Flavobacterium have been reclassifi ed to other taxa.Sphingomonas was fi rst proposed by Yabuuchi et al. (1990) with fi ve species, but later developed to large group of species, and the new family Sphin- J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 56, 249 255 (2010) A parathione-degrading bacterium isolated from rice fi eld in the Philippines, Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 (Sethunathan and Yoshida, 1973, Can. J. Microbiol., 19, 873 875), was re-examined chemotaxonomically and phylogenetically. The strain contained 2-hydroxymyristic acid (2-OH 14 0), cis-vaccenic acid (18 1 ω7c), and palmitic acid (16 0) as major cellular fatty acids, two kinds of glycosphingolipids, and ubiquinone-10 as a sole quinone component. The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain was 65.9 mol%. The phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was included in the family Sphingomonadaceae, and most closely related to Sphingobium fuliginis (98.0% similarity) and Sphingobium herbicidovorans (97.3%). The strain showed similar physiological characteristics and a moderate value of DNA DNA relatedness to S. fuliginis. These data suggested it reasonable to conclude that strain ATCC 27551 was identifi ed as S. fuliginis.

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“…, which are gram-negative bacteria that lack LPS [7–9]. Sphingomonas have abundant GSLs with α-linked sugars, similar to αGalCer [10,11]. Sphingomonas are found in soil and seawater [12], and therefore it is likely that the αGalCer obtained in the original sponge isolate contained these bacteria as the source of the glycolipid antigen.…”

Section: Recognition Of Glycosphingolipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, a Sphingomonas bacterium can produce more than one type of GSL, and different species differ in their GSLs [10,11,19]. The GSLs can differ with regard to the length and structure of the sphingosine base, as well as the number of carbohydrates.…”

Section: Recognition Of Glycosphingolipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate-like recognition of microbes by invariant natural killer T cells

Kronenberg

Kinjo

2009

Current Opinion in Immunology

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Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) express a restricted T cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoire and they respond rapidly to glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d. These glycolipid antigens have hexose sugars in α-linkage to two types of lipids that can bind to CD1d. Recent work has shown that the responses of iNKT cells to antigen-bearing microbes can have a profound impact on the development of inflammatory diseases. iNKT cells overcome the limitation of their limited TCR diversity by also responding in a foreign antigen-independent fashion to some infectious agents, similar to NK cells. Recent results demonstrate several mechanisms for the indirect activation of iNKT cells by viruses or TLR ligands, dependent on self-antigen recognition and/or different cytokines produced by antigen presenting cells. The means by which iNKT cells influence other cell types and overall host defense are likewise diverse, illustrating the flexibility and functional diversity of this T lymphocyte sublineage.

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Confirmation of the Anomeric Structure of Galacturonic Acid in the Galacturonosyl‐Ceramide of Sphingomonas yanoikuyae

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Glycosphingolipids as a Possible Signature of Microbial Communities in Activated Sludge and the Potential Contribution of Fungi to Wastewater Treatment under Cold Conditions

Glycosphingolipids as a Possible Signature of Microbial Communities in Activated Sludge and the Potential Contribution of Fungi to Wastewater Treatment under Cold Conditions

Reclassification of a parathione-degrading Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 as Sphingobium fuliginis

Innate-like recognition of microbes by invariant natural killer T cells

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