Tight junctions (TJs) of the epidermis play an important role in maintaining the epidermal barrier. TJ breakdown is associated with skin problems, such as wrinkles and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Clinical studies have reported that topical nifedipine is effective in reducing the depth of wrinkles and improving TEWL. However, it remains unknown whether nifedipine influences the TJ function in the epidermis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of nifedipine on epidermal barrier dysfunction in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) treated with sodium caprate (C10), a TJ inhibitor. Nifedipine reversed the C10-decreased transepithelial electrical resistance values as a measure of disruption of the epidermal barrier. Immunocytochemical observations revealed that nifedipine improved the C10-induced irregular arrangement of claudin-1, a key protein in TJs. Taken together, these findings suggest that nifedipine prevents epidermal barrier dysfunction, at least in part, by reconstituting the irregular claudin-1 localization at TJs in C10-treated NHEKs.Key words epidermal barrier function; nifedipine; sodium caprate; transepithelial electrical resistance; normal human epidermal keratinocyte Skin is the interface between air and water, and provides a barrier function that prevents invasion of toxic or infectious substances and escape of moisture.1,2) Disruption of the skin barrier results in not only several pathological conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, but also cosmetic problems, such as dry skin, aged skin, and acne.2,3) The most important skin barrier function is the physical barrier. This barrier is maintained by the lipid bilayer in the stratum corneum, the acidic pH of the epidermis, a calcium gradient that influences cellular turnover and differentiation of the epidermis, and tight junctions (TJs) formed by cells of the granular layer.1,2) Breakdown of each component produces hyperpermeability of the epidermis, leading to a variety of dermatological symptoms and signs.Recently, clinical studies have reported the efficacy of topical nifedipine for the treatment of facial wrinkles.4,5) Specifically, topical application of nifedipine for 90 d was effective for reducing the depth of wrinkles and improving transepidermal water loss (TEWL) as a measure of disruption of the epidermal barrier. In mice with epidermal barrier disruption induced by acetone, nifedipine accelerated the recovery of TEWL.6) These reports suggest that nifedipine is useful for facilitating epidermal barrier maintenance, although its mechanisms remain obscure.Sodium caprate (C10), an epithelial transport enhancer, is known to disrupt not only the epithelial barrier, but also the epidermal barrier, resulting in hyperpermeability. 7) C10 decreases the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) values by disrupting the arrangement of TJ proteins, such as claudin-1 and occludin, in cultured keratinocytes.7) Considering that claudin-1-deficient mice show wrinkled skin and TEWL, 8) C10-treated keratinocytes in culture are tho...