Confirming improved detection of gadolinium in bone using in vivo XRF

Lord, Michelle L.; McNeill, Fiona E.; Gräfe, James L.; Galusha, Aubrey L.; Parsons, Patrick J.; Noseworthy, Michael D.; Howard, Lyn; Chettle, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.12.011

Cited by 17 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The phantom minimum detection limit is the minimum concentration of gadolinium that can be detected with our system and is defined as two times the uncertainty of the gadolinium concentration of a zero-concentration phantom spectrometry (MS) and seven autopsy samples. This previously published study resulted in comparable gadolinium concentrations with both techniques (30), suggesting that the XRF technique and ICP MS yield similar values when measuring gadolinium level in bone.…”

Section: Contrast Media: Deposition Of Gadolinium In Bonesupporting

confidence: 63%

“…For example, it can be difficult to measure small amounts of gadolinium in individuals with large amounts of overlaying tissue. Our minimum detection limit at the time of the experiments was 2.3 mg Gd/g bone mineral (30). Thus, gadolinium concentrations under this level could not be detected with our system and were indistinguishable from statistical noise.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 81%

“…Data from the collected spectra (Fig 3) were analyzed by using the aforementioned Matlab software, which involved fitting the two gadolinium Ka peaks as well as the 88-keV coherent scatter peak, described in detail by Lord et al (29,30). The areas under all peaks were determined from the individual fits and were used to calculate the ratio of gadolinium signal to coherent signal, known as coherent normalization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since bone has been shown to be a major storage site for gadolinium and since the brain is difficult to assess with noninvasive methods because it is covered by the skull, a noninvasive technique to measure gadolinium level in bone would be a useful tool to monitor gadolinium deposition while investigating the clinical implications of gadolinium deposition. Our laboratory has developed a device that has been proved to be successful in measuring low levels of gadolinium in both bone phantoms and autopsy samples and has been deemed feasible for 30-minute in vivo measurements in humans (29,30). Our purpose was to perform a preliminary evaluation…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observed Deposition of Gadolinium in Bone Using a New Noninvasive in Vivo Biomedical Device: Results of a Small Pilot Feasibility Study

et al. 2018

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Purpose To perform a preliminary evaluation of a noninvasive measurement system to assess gadolinium deposition in bone and to investigate the relationship between the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and gadolinium retention in bone. Materials and Methods In vivo measurement of gadolinium retention in tibia bones was performed in 11 exposed subjects who previously received GBCAs (six exposed subjects were from a study performed 5 years previously involving injection of GBCAs in healthy volunteers; five exposed subjects had self-reported GBCA exposure), and 11 sex- and age-matched control subjects without a history of GBCA exposure. Each subject underwent one measurement of gadolinium retention in the tibia with x-ray fluorescence in a laboratory at McMaster University. A one-tailed t test was performed to compare gadolinium concentration in the exposed group with that in the control group. The relationship between the dose of GBCA administered and the gadolinium concentration measured in bone was analyzed with linear regression. Results Gadolinium concentration in bone was significantly higher in exposed subjects (mean, 1.19 μg Gd/g bone mineral ± 0.73 [standard deviation]) than in control subjects (mean, -1.06 μg Gd/g bone mineral ± 0.71) (P = .01). There was also a positive correlation between the dose of GBCA administered and the gadolinium concentration measured in bone (R = 0.41); gadolinium concentration in bone increased by 0.39 μg Gd/g bone mineral ± 0.14 per 1 mL of GBCA administered. Gadolinium was detected in bone up to 5 years after one GBCA administration. Conclusion This x-ray fluorescence system is capable of measuring gadolinium deposition in bone noninvasively in vivo. Gadolinium can be retained in bone after one dose of GBCA in healthy subjects. RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

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Section: Contrast Media: Deposition Of Gadolinium In Bonesupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Observed Deposition of Gadolinium in Bone Using a New Noninvasive in Vivo Biomedical Device: Results of a Small Pilot Feasibility Study

et al. 2018

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“…Series of in vivo experiments by M. Lord et al contributed substantially to the current knowledge about Gd retention. The group developed an in vivo XRF device and obtained quantitative data on Gd content in the bone tissue of exposed patients in comparison with control subjects 18,19 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and imaging of gadolinium accumulation in human bone tissue by micro- and submicro-XRF

Turyanskaya

Rauwolf

Pichler

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBcAs) are frequently used in patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. in GBcAs gadolinium (Gd) is present in a bound chelated form. Gadolinium is a rareearth element, which is normally not present in human body. though the blood elimination half-life of contrast agents is about 90 minutes, recent studies demonstrated that some tissues retain gadolinium, which might further pose a health threat due to toxic effects of free gadolinium. It is known that the bone tissue can serve as a gadolinium depot, but so far only bulk measurements were performed. Here we present a summary of experiments in which for the first time we mapped gadolinium in bone biopsy from a male patient with idiopathic osteoporosis (without indication of renal impairment), who received MRI 8 months prior to biopsy. In our studies performed by means of synchrotron radiation induced micro-and submicro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SR-XRF), gadolinium was detected in human cortical bone tissue. The distribution of gadolinium displays a specific accumulation pattern. Correlation of elemental maps obtained at AnKA synchrotron with qBei images (quantitative backscattered electron imaging) allowed assignment of Gd structures to the histological bone structures. follow-up beamtimes at eSRf and Diamond Light Source using submicro-SR-XRf allowed resolving thin Gd structures in cortical bone, as well as correlating them with calcium and zinc. The method of contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) dates to 1988, when the first gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agent (GBCA), gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist, Bayer), was approved for clinical use. CE-MRI is a useful imaging tool nowadays, with approximately 30 million procedures done each year worldwide, and more than 300 million procedures already performed to date 1. Estimates show that the GBCAs are administered in 25-35% of all MRI examinations 1,2. According to the data available, most of the administered dose of GBCAs (regardless of an agent used), should be cleared in less than 2 and >95% by 24 hours 3. Recent findings, however, demonstrate that the GBCAs are not fully excreted and the accumulation of Gd in, e.g. neuronal tissues and organs such as brain takes place 4. The GBCAs are considered to be rather safe, yet there is a number of papers reporting nephrotoxic, hematotoxic, hepatotoxic and neurotoxic effects observed in animals and humans 5. One of the most serious adverse reactions associated with the use of GBCAs is nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), which had been observed in patients with renal insufficiency 6. NSF is a rare, but serious disease characterized by widespread tissue hardening (primarily skin is affected) with fibrotic nodules and plaques. First described in 1997, it was finally linked to the use of GBCAs in patients with kidney dysfunction in 2006 6,7. The pathophysiological mechanism involved

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