“…The focus of this study is the popular and highly efficient inventory, the five-item Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), which includes three components: organizational religious involvement, non-organizational involvement (independent prayer, meditation, or study), and intrinsic or subjective religiosity (Koenig & Büssing, 2010). The DUREL has been shown to converge with other commonly used inventories, for example the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSRFQ; Plante et al, 2002), a fiveitem unidimensional measure emphasizing the force of religious faith (r with DUREL total score .79, Saffari et al, 2013;.86, Storch et al, 2004), and the Personal Religious Inventory (PRI; Lipsmeyer, 1984), with 45 items and subscales for prayer, ritual attendance, and the integration of religion in cognition, affect, and behavior (r ORA, ritual attendance =.84; r NORA, personal prayer = .76; Lace & Handal, 2018).…”