CONFLICT AND RECONCILIATION IN CAPTIVE BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS, <i>TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS</i>

Weaver, Ann

doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2003.tb01134.x

Cited by 80 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Heteroscedasticity in the data was stabilized by log transforming (log(Y11)) the counts prior to analysis. All tests used a Po0.05 significance level, and were performed using SAS 9.1 [SAS Institute Inc., 2002-2003 and SYSTAT 10 [SPSS Inc., 2000].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies examining agonistic behavior [Samuels and Gifford, 1997;Weaver, 2003] revealed that behaviors visible above and below the water surface could be reliably identified as indicators of potential aggression. Consequently, multiple observation locations were evaluated during the pilot period to ensure adequate coverage of the dolphin behavior.…”

Section: Behavioral Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formal research period was prefaced by a 5-day preliminary study designed to achieve two objectives: familiarization with the individual dolphins and their behavioral repertoire, and assessment of potential viewing locations to determine if conflict behavior was visible from both the surface and underwater [cf. Weaver, 2003]. During the initial pilot period, physical characteristics of individual dolphins were recorded, and all observed behaviors [Dudzinski, 1996;Holobinko, 2006;Weaver, 1987] were documented in the form of a catalog of behaviors and corresponding codes for future reference (see Appendix A).…”

Section: Behavioral Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mann, 1999], Weaver [2003] examined post-conflict behavior of captive bottlenose dolphins to determine if dolphins resolved conflict by using measures typical of nonhuman primates. Results indicated that conflict and reconciliation occurred among all relationship classes and group members without noticeable sex disparities, symmetry in the direction of intended aggression, or explicit behaviors denoting ''apology'' in intense dyadic conflicts [Weaver, 2003, p 843].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Conflict and reconciliation behavior trends of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

Holobinko

Waring

2009

Zoo Biol.

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Wild bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) populations display societal structures characterized by numerous and frequent changes in group composition, complex social relationships, and high levels of cooperation, attributes also observed in human and nonhuman primate cultures. Maintaining social relationships under such elemental conditions can frequently create conflict--and the opportunity for reconciliation--among group members. The conflict and reconciliation behavior patterns of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) have been studied extensively; trends are well-documented in the wild and in captivity. Apparent cultural similarities have prompted several analogous studies on wild and captive bottlenose dolphins. This research attempted to corroborate previous efforts by analyzing the social behavior of seven captive bottlenose dolphins to determine the effects of sex and age on the frequency of conflict and reconciliation, and to investigate the incidence of consolatory behavior within the group. A total of 3,428 interactions involving focal animals, 414 of which were conflict episodes, were documented during 261 hr of videotaped observations. Although the sample size precluded meaningful statistical evaluation of the influence of sex on conflict and reconciliation, participant age was a significant determinant of conflict frequency. Conversely, age did not impact frequency of reconciliation, which only occurred after 18% of all conflict interactions. Little to no definitive evidence of consolation was apparent within the study group. While results partially support the findings of previous dolphin reconciliation research, extensive behavioral studies of wild populations should be conducted before generating broad comparisons between human terms and nonhuman behavioral interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioral Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioral Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conflict and reconciliation behavior trends of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

Holobinko

Waring

2009

Zoo Biol.

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“…Conflict and reconciliation have been studied rarely in dolphins with only two studies available in the literature (Tamaki, Morisaka, & Taki, 2006;Weaver, 2003). Whereas Weaver focused on gentle body contacts exhibited post conflict as evidence of tension reduction between individuals, Tamaki et al examined pectoral fin contacts (i.e., flipper rubbing) used during post-conflict periods and control periods to determine whether dolphins use this behavior to reduce conflicts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pectoral fin contact as a mechanism for social bonding among dolphins

Dudzinski¹,

Ribic²

2017

AB&C

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Being a victim or an aggressor: Different functions of triadic post‐conflict interactions in wolves (Canis lupus lupus)

Cordoni

Palagi

2015

Aggressive Behavior

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Animals adopt different behavioral strategies to cope with the conflict of interests coming from the competition over limited resources. Starting from the study on chimpanzees, post-conflict third-party affiliation (the affiliative contact provided by a third-party toward the victim--VTA--or the aggressor--ATA) was investigated mainly in primates. Later, this post-conflict mechanism has been demonstrated also in other mammals, such as wallabies, horses, dolphins, domestic dogs, and wolves. Here, we present data on triadic post-conflict affiliation in wolves (Canis lupus lupus) by exploring some of the hypotheses already proposed for primates and never tested before in other social mammals. In this carnivore species, the study of VTA and ATA revealed that these strategies cannot be considered as a unique behavioral category since they differ in many functional aspects. VTA serves to protect the victim by reducing the likelihood of reiterated attacks from the previous aggressor and to reinforce the relationship shared by the third-party and the victim. On the other hand, ATA has a role in bystander protection by limiting the renewed attacks of the previous aggressor toward uninvolved group-members (potential third-parties). In conclusion, exploring VTA and ATA gives the opportunity to concurrently demonstrate some functional differences in triadic post-conflict affiliation according to the different targets of bystanders (victims or aggressors). The data comparison between primates and other social mammals should permit to open new lines of research.

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CONFLICT AND RECONCILIATION IN CAPTIVE BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS, TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS

Cited by 80 publications

References 32 publications

Conflict and reconciliation behavior trends of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

Conflict and reconciliation behavior trends of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

Pectoral fin contact as a mechanism for social bonding among dolphins

Being a victim or an aggressor: Different functions of triadic post‐conflict interactions in wolves (Canis lupus lupus)

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