Rehabilitation in medicine is one of the essential elements of rehabilitation. In modern practical medicine, rehabilitation is referred to as the third stage of providing medical care to the population, which in turn belittles its effectiveness and significantly postpones the use of rehabilitation measures at a later time. In fact, the rehabilitation potential is already beginning to form at the first contact with the patient (at the stage of diagnosis and active treatment). Rehabilitation measures can be specific depending on the type of nosology and general, suitable for a wide range of diseases. It is at the initial stages and throughout the rehabilitation process that its psychological component is most important for all types of diseases. Mental and social rehabilitation is especially important for people with socially dangerous diseases (pathological dependence, infectious, venereal diseases, etc.). The delayed application of rehabilitation measures, as well as insufficient attention to its psychological component, requires a deeper study of this problem. The purpose of this work was to study and analyze modern literature on various aspects of rehabilitation and find ways to optimize it.