Conflict-induced behavioural adjustment: a clue to the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex

Mansouri, Farshad A.; Tanaka, Keiji; Buckley, Mark J.

doi:10.1038/nrn2538

Cited by 504 publications

(457 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The frontal lobe, especially the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an essential role in various high‐level cognitive functions, such as executive functions (Mansouri, Tanaka, & Buckley, 2009; Miller, 2000; Miller & Cohen, 2001), reasoning and planning (Wood & Grafman, 2003), decision making (Wallis, 2007), social cognition, and moral judgment (Forbes & Grafman, 2010). Meanwhile, the deficits in PFC functions are involved in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric and neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, drug addiction, mood disorders, and Alzheimer's disease (Fuster, 2001; Goto, Yang, & Otani, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroticism and conscientiousness respectively positively and negatively correlated with the network characteristic path length in dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex: A resting‐state fNIRS study

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Brain and Behavior

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BackgroundAccumulating evidence shows that the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is implicated in personality traits. In this study, resting‐state functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) combined with small‐world analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between the network properties of dlPFC and personality traits.MethodsThirty college students (aged between 20 and 29) were recruited from the University of Macau campus, whose personality scores were accessed with the NEO‐FFT questionnaire. Graph theory combined with resting‐state fNIRS data was used to quantify the network properties of dlPFC, whereas Pearson correlation analysis was performed to generate the relationship between the small‐world indicators and personality scores.ResultsCompared to matched random networks, the resting‐state brain networks exhibited a larger clustering coefficient (C p, 0.1–0.66), shorter characteristic path length (L p, 0.1–0.66), and higher global (E g, 0.1–0.66) and local efficiency (E loc, 0.1–0.65). In particular, conscientiousness (r = −0.63) and neuroticism (r = 0.40) respectively showed negative and positive correlation with the L p.ConclusionsThe resting‐state functional brain networks in dlPFC exhibited the small‐world properties. In addition, participants with higher conscientiousness scores showed a shorter L p.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroticism and conscientiousness respectively positively and negatively correlated with the network characteristic path length in dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex: A resting‐state fNIRS study

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Brain and Behavior

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“…In contrast, other studies have found right inferior frontal gyrus activation in the explicit condition (Bach et al, 2008;Ethofer et al, 2009). Overall, the inferior frontal gyrus and the other frontal clusters activated during implicit processing of musical emotions belong to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which is generally involved in working memory (Smith & Jonides, 1999), response selection (Bunge et al, 2002), and rule-guided behavior (Mansouri et al, 2009), but also in conscious emotion regulation (Kohn et al, 2014), and has been observed in response to music emotions (Khalfa et al, 2005). Indeed, the neighboring activity in premotor areas of the frontal gyrus is commonly observed in response to music-induced emotions (Blood & Zatorre, 2001;Mitterschiffthaler et al, 2007;Mizuno & Sugishita, 2007).…”

Section: Implicit Vs Explicit Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden sources of joy, fear, and sadness: Explicit versus implicit neural processing of musical emotions

et al. 2016

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Music is often used to regulate emotions and mood. Typically, music conveys and induces emotions even when one does not attend to them. Studies on the neural substrates of musical emotions have, however, only examined brain activity when subjects have focused on the emotional content of the music. Here we address with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) the neural processing of happy, sad, and fearful music with a paradigm in which 56 subjects were instructed to either classify the emotions (explicit condition) or pay attention to the number of instruments playing (implicit condition) in 4-sec music clips. In the implicit vs.2 explicit condition, stimuli activated bilaterally the inferior parietal lobule, premotor cortex, caudate, and ventromedial frontal areas. The cortical dorsomedial prefrontal and occipital areas activated during explicit processing were those previously shown to be associated with the cognitive processing of music and emotion recognition and regulation. Moreover, happiness in music was associated with activity in the bilateral auditory cortex, left parahippocampal gyrus, and supplementary motor area, whereas the negative emotions of sadness and fear corresponded with activation of the left anterior cingulate and middle frontal gyrus and down-regulation of the orbitofrontal cortex. Our study demonstrates for the first time in healthy subjects the neural underpinnings of the implicit processing of brief musical emotions, particularly in frontoparietal, dorsolateral prefrontal, and striatal areas of the brain.

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“…Moreover, the DLPFC maintains and updates comprehensive representations of the task context by encoding task relevant rules and associated responses, stimulus features and conflict (Mansouri, Tanaka, & Buckley, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory improvement with non-invasive brain stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Brunoni

Vanderhasselt

2014

Brain and Cognition

567

411

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Recent studies have used non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), to increase dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity and, consequently, working memory (WM) performance.. However, such experiments have yielded mixed results, possibly due to small sample sizes and heterogeneity of outcomes. Therefore, our aim was to perform a systematic review and metaanalyses on NIBS studies assessing the n-back task, which is a reliable index for WM. From the first data available to February 2013, we looked for sham-controlled, randomized studies that used NIBS over the DLPFC using the n-back task in PubMed/MEDLINE and other databases. Twelve studies (describing 33 experiments) matched our eligibility criteria. Active vs. sham NIBS was significantly associated with faster response times (RT), higher percentage of correct responses and lower percentage of error responses. However, meta-regressions showed that tDCS (vs. rTMS) presented an improvement only in RT. This could have occurred in part because almost all tDCS studies employed a crossover design (possibly more employed in tDCS over rTMS due to the reliable tDCS blinding) -this factor (study design) was also associated with no improvement in correct responses in the active vs. sham groups. To conclude, rTMS over the DLPFC significantly improved all measures of WM performance whereas tDCS significantly improved RT, but not the percentage of correct and error responses. Mechanistic insights on the role of DLPFC in WM are further discussed, as well as how NIBS techniques could be used in neuropsychiatric samples presenting WM deficits, such as major depression, dementia and schizophrenia.

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Conflict-induced behavioural adjustment: a clue to the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex

Cited by 504 publications

References 94 publications

Neuroticism and conscientiousness respectively positively and negatively correlated with the network characteristic path length in dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex: A resting‐state fNIRS study

Neuroticism and conscientiousness respectively positively and negatively correlated with the network characteristic path length in dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex: A resting‐state fNIRS study

Hidden sources of joy, fear, and sadness: Explicit versus implicit neural processing of musical emotions

Working memory improvement with non-invasive brain stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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