Conflict-Induced Poverty: Evidence from Colombia

Lemus, Natalia

doi:10.1515/peps-2013-0056

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This source of exogenous variation has been widely used in the recent international literature on the Colombian conflict. Examples includeSanchez (2010 and,Camacho and Rodriguez (2012),Lemus (2014) andVargas et al (2015).4 In contrast, the cross-section specifications add department-level fixed effects. Colombia's 1,100+ municipalities (equivalent to US counties) are aggregated into 32 (inland) departments (equivalent to US states).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Taxation in Ongoing Internal Conflict: The Case of Colombia

et al. 2018

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Recent empirical evidence suggests an ambiguous relationship between internal conflicts, state capacity, and tax performance. In theory, internal conflict should create strong incentives for governments to develop the fiscal capacity necessary to defeat rivals. We argue that one reason that this does not occur is because internal conflict enables groups with de facto power to capture local fiscal and property rights institutions. We test this mechanism in Colombia using data on tax performance and property rights institutions at the municipal level. Municipalities affected by internal conflict have tax institutions consistent with the preferences of the parties dominating local violence. Those suffering more right-wing violence feature more land formalization and higher property tax revenues. Municipalities with substantial left-wing guerrilla violence collect less tax revenue and witness less land formalization. Our findings provide systematic evidence that internal armed conflict helps interest groups capture municipal institutions for their own private benefit, impeding state-building.

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confidence: 99%

Endogenous Taxation in Ongoing Internal Conflict: The Case of Colombia

et al. 2018

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“…It is common to see poor populations live in high crime rate communities, and these regions are often not safe while lacking police patrol. Scientists argue that poor people living there are exchanging their safety with low-cost living [41,47]. All these consequences show the difficulty for people to get out of poverty by themselves since all these outcomes make the poor population poorer.…”

Section: Formation Of Poverty and Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Sensing of Urban Poverty and Gentrification

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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In the past few decades, most urban areas in the world have been facing the pressure of an increasing population living in poverty. A recent study has shown that up to 80% of the population of some cities in Africa fall under the poverty line. Other studies have shown that poverty is one of the main contributors to residents’ poor health and social conflict. Reducing the number of people living in poverty and improving their living conditions have become some of the main tasks for many nations and international organizations. On the other hand, urban gentrification has been taking place in the poor neighborhoods of all major cities in the world. Although gentrification can reduce the poverty rate and increase the GDP and tax revenue of cities and potentially bring opportunities for poor communities, it displaces the original residents of the neighborhoods, negatively impacting their living and access to social services. In order to support the sustainable development of cities and communities and improve residents’ welfare, it is essential to identify the location, scale, and dynamics of urban poverty and gentrification, and remote sensing can play a key role in this. This paper reviews, summarizes, and evaluates state-of-the-art approaches for identifying and mapping urban poverty and gentrification with remote sensing, GIS, and machine learning techniques. It also discusses the pros and cons of remote sensing approaches in comparison with traditional approaches. With remote sensing approaches, both spatial and temporal resolutions for the identification of poverty and gentrification have been dramatically increased, while the economic cost is significantly reduced.

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“…But as conflict can be both cause and consequence of rural poverty (Lemus, 2014), nonextractives in rural areas also warrant study as constituting the firms, products, and jobs that tend to have more substantial impacts upon conflict-affected communities. Rural business opportunity structures can build peace by lifting populations out of impoverished situations that otherwise encourage the joining of conflict or criminal actors.…”

Section: Conflict Peace and Business In Colombiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Theorizing Business and Local Peacebuilding Through the “Footprints of Peace” Coffee Project in Rural Colombia

Miklian

Bickel

2018

Business & Society

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Despite emerging study of business initiatives that attempt to support local peace and development, we still have significant knowledge gaps on their effectiveness and efficiency. This article builds theory on business engagements for peace through exploration of the Footprints for Peace (FOP) peacebuilding project by the Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia (FNC). FOP was a business-peace initiative that attempted to improve the lives of vulnerable populations in conflict-affected regions. Through 70 stakeholder interviews, we show how FOP operationalized local peace and development in four conflict-affected departments of Colombia, and examine FNC’s motivations for and effectiveness of its peacebuilding activities. Our main finding is that FOP’s success supported several existing theories on business engagement in peace both in terms of peacebuilding by business and for local economic and societal development, providing evidence in support of development–business collaborations and local peacebuilding by business under certain targeted circumstances. We relate these findings to existing literature, highlighting where existing business-peace theory is supported, where FOP challenged assumptions, and where it illuminated new research gaps. These findings serve to take business-peace theory forward and improve our understandings of what can constitute success for business-peace initiatives in Colombia and possibly other conflict-affected regions.

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Conflict-Induced Poverty: Evidence from Colombia

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Endogenous Taxation in Ongoing Internal Conflict: The Case of Colombia

Endogenous Taxation in Ongoing Internal Conflict: The Case of Colombia

Remote Sensing of Urban Poverty and Gentrification

Theorizing Business and Local Peacebuilding Through the “Footprints of Peace” Coffee Project in Rural Colombia

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