“…Of importance here are innovations in collective bargaining and associated new dispute resolution mechanisms, such as 'interest-based bargaining', 'collective mediation', fact-finding, the early facilitation of negotiations by an independent conciliator (a practice sometimes referred to as 'assisted bargaining' (Advisory Conciliation and Arbitration Service [ACAS] 2009), brain-storming and related problem-solving techniques, mediation by a party who may also be empowered to arbitrate ('med -arb'), mini-trials, proper arbitration and the proactive handling of change management. Some of these techniques may also be applied to group-based conflict in non-unionized firms, although such firms, especially of US origin, may resist recognizing conflicts as a group phenomenon in any respect and may seek to disaggregate them into individual grievances and deal with them only on that basis (Doherty 2011). Conflict management systems encompassing multiple forms of group or collective ADR are also contemplated in the literature, although less commonly than in the case of systems of this kind that address individual employment conflict (see, for example, Ury et al 1993).…”