Conflict of interest as a cognitive bias

Kafaee, Mahdi; Kheirkhah, Mohammad Taghi; Balali, Reihaneh; Gharibzadeh, Shahriar

doi:10.1080/08989621.2021.1938556

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It is probably in the majority of cases caused by an obstruction of the lumen [11] . Some Postoperative complications occurred after appendectomy including wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess, retrocecal abscess, intestinal perforation with peritonitis, bleeding and adhesions occurred [12] . Appendectomy is very dangerous for comorbidity patients as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Report of Appendicitis and Management by Alternative Treatment of Medicine

Sarkar¹,

Das²

2022

Int J Health Sci Res

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Introduction:Appendicitis is a common cause of abdominal pain. Large scale appendicitis patients are going to be treated surgically but sometimes complications are inherent to post-operative treatment. The most common postoperative complications are wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess, retrocecal abscess, intestinal perforation with peritonitis, bleeding, and adhesions ileus caused by intra-abdominal adhesions, which vary in frequency between open and laparoscopic appendectomy. At present-day it is treated safely in Homoeopathic medicine. Case Summary: We are going to represent a case report of recurrent Acute Appendicitis which was successfully treated by the Individualized Homoeopathic Remedies. The results were evident within a few weeks, which further elucidated the role of constitutional treatment in homoeopathy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Report of Appendicitis and Management by Alternative Treatment of Medicine

Sarkar¹,

Das²

2022

Int J Health Sci Res

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“…As noted above, COIs impact behavior by influencing (or biasing) judgment or decision-making (Kafaee et al, 2021(Kafaee et al, , 2022Resnik, 2000). Very often, an individual's interests will align with their primary ethical, legal, or other obligations.…”

Section: Bias and Conflict Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Confirmation bias can be a significant problem in science when researchers want to try to prove a hypothesis so they can make money, promote their careers or ideas, or advance a political agenda. The history of science indicates that scientists often succumb to many different sorts of biases, despite their avowed commitment to objectivity (Kafaee et al, 2021(Kafaee et al, , 2022Kuhn, 1962Kuhn, , 1977.…”

Section: Bias and Conflict Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the situation that the person is in that creates the ethical problem (Thompson, 1993). 1 In some circumstances a person with a COI may deliberately violate ethical, legal or other rules to promote their interests, but since interests may influence the human mind subconsciously, a person with a COI may not even be aware that their interests have impacted their thinking and behavior (Kafaee et al, 2021(Kafaee et al, , 2022Shamoo and Resnik, 2022). For example, a physician who receives speaking fees and gifts from a drug company may tend to favor the company's medications when writing prescriptions, possibly against the best medical interests of the patient (Katz et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disclosing and managing non-financial conflicts of interest in scientific publications

Resnik

2023

Research Ethics

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In the last decade, there has been increased recognition of the importance of disclosing and managing non-financial conflicts of interests to safeguard the objectivity, integrity, and trustworthiness of scientific research. While funding agencies and academic institutions have had policies for addressing non-financial interests in grant peer review and research oversight since the 1990s, scientific journals have been only recently begun to develop such policies. An impediment to the formulation of effective journal policies is that non-financial interests can be difficult to recognize and define. Journals can overcome this problem by providing guidance concerning the types of non-financial interests that should be disclosed, including direct research interests, direct professional interests, expert testimony, involvement in litigation, holding a leadership position in a non-governmental organization, providing technical or scientific advice to a non-governmental organization, and personal or professional relationships. The guidance should apply to authors, editors, and reviewers.

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“…As illustrated by the research of Don A. Moore and colleagues, self-interest tend to operate via automatic processes in conflict of interests [ 91 – 93 ] and Mahdi Kafaee and colleagues have experimentally demonstrated how conflict of interest might shape the perception of a situation in a subconscious manner [ 94 ]. Consequently, conflicts of interest can (unconsciously) bias bioethics work [ 95 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biases in bioethics: a narrative review

Hofmann

2023

BMC Med Ethics

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Given that biases can distort bioethics work, it has received surprisingly little and fragmented attention compared to in other fields of research. This article provides an overview of potentially relevant biases in bioethics, such as cognitive biases, affective biases, imperatives, and moral biases. Special attention is given to moral biases, which are discussed in terms of (1) Framings, (2) Moral theory bias, (3) Analysis bias, (4) Argumentation bias, and (5) Decision bias. While the overview is not exhaustive and the taxonomy by no means is absolute, it provides initial guidance with respect to assessing the relevance of various biases for specific kinds of bioethics work. One reason why we should identify and address biases in bioethics is that it can help us assess and improve the quality of bioethics work.

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Conflict of interest as a cognitive bias

Cited by 7 publications

References 45 publications

A Case Report of Appendicitis and Management by Alternative Treatment of Medicine

A Case Report of Appendicitis and Management by Alternative Treatment of Medicine

Disclosing and managing non-financial conflicts of interest in scientific publications

Biases in bioethics: a narrative review

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