This study examines teachers' beliefs about gender equality and its relationship to citizenship and social cohesion in conflict-affected Sri Lanka. Using mixed methods, the study draws on survey data of 143 teachers, 38 interviews, citizenship textbooks, and classroom observations in eight schools in war affected areas of Sri Lanka. Quantitative findings indicate a significant correlation between attitudes on gender equality and perspectives on citizenship, peace, and social cohesion. Qualitative findings show a gap in knowledge and understanding of the link between the subtle day to day practices that devalue women and girls to the entrenched gender norms that perpetuate a growing culture of toxic masculinities, gender violence, and inequity all of which are fostered in a highly militarized environment.