Conflicts as aversive signals: Conflict priming increases negative judgments for neutral stimuli

Fritz, Julia; Dreisbach, Gesine

doi:10.3758/s13415-012-0147-1

Cited by 142 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The hypothesis that the ACC monitors aversive signals has been supported by neuroimaging (Eisenberger, Lieberman, & Williams, 2003;Rainville, 2002;Singer et al, 2004) and behavioral (Dreisbach & Fischer, 2012;Fritz & Dreisbach, 2013;Schouppe, De Houwer, Ridderinkhof, & Notebaert, 2012) studies.…”

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confidence: 87%

Stimulus conflict triggers behavioral avoidance

Dignath

Eder

2015

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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According to a recent extension of the conflictmonitoring theory, conflict between two competing response tendencies is registered as an aversive event and triggers a motivation to avoid the source of conflict. In the present study, we tested this assumption. Over five experiments, we examined whether conflict is associated with an avoidance motivation and whether stimulus conflict or response conflict triggers an avoidance tendency. Participants first performed a color Stroop task. In a subsequent motivation test, participants responded to Stroop stimuli with approach-and avoidancerelated lever movements. These results showed that Stroopconflict stimuli increased the frequency of avoidance responses in a free-choice motivation test, and also increased the speed of avoidance relative to approach responses in a forced-choice test. High and low proportions of response conflict in the Stroop task had no effect on avoidance in the motivation test. Avoidance of conflict was, however, obtained even with new conflict stimuli that had not been presented before in a Stroop task, and when the Stroop task was replaced with an unrelated filler task. Taken together, these results suggest that stimulus conflict is sufficient to trigger avoidance.

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confidence: 87%

Stimulus conflict triggers behavioral avoidance

Dignath

Eder

2015

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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“…Yet, existing empirical support for MCC involvement in conflict costs have largely relied upon explicit manipulations of cognitive effort, and not conflict per se [2][3][4][5] . While some studies have demonstrated aversion-inducing effects of response conflict, these studies did not examine the neural mechanisms by which this effect is instantiated 2,6,7 . Here we demonstrate that response conflict acts as a cost during reinforcement learning by both diminishing reward value and boosting punishment aversion.…”

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confidence: 99%

Conflict acts as an implicit cost in reinforcement learning

et al. 2014

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Conflict has been proposed to act as a cost in action selection, implying a general function of medio-frontal cortex in the adaptation to aversive events. Here we investigate if response conflict acts as a cost during reinforcement learning by modulating experienced reward values in cortical and striatal systems. Electroencephalography recordings show that conflict diminishes the relationship between reward-related frontal theta power and cue preference yet it enhances the relationship between punishment and cue avoidance. Individual differences in the cost of conflict on reward versus punishment sensitivity are also related to a genetic polymorphism associated with striatal D1 versus D2 pathway balance (DARPP-32). We manipulate these patterns with the D2 agent cabergoline, which induces a strong bias to amplify the aversive value of punishment outcomes following conflict. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that interactive cortico-striatal systems implicitly modulate experienced reward and punishment values as a function of conflict.

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“…Jika dikaitkan dengan teori feedback loops (Carver & Scheier, 1982), selama fase Testing dari siklus TOTE (Test-OperateTest-Exit), keberadaan afek negatif dibutuhkan dalam kadar tertentu agar selfcontrol dapat teraktivasi. Dalam sebuah studi, subjek cenderung mengidentifikasi target yang sebetulnya netral (kata-kata berbahasa Jerman dan Cina) sebagai stimulus negatif setelah diinduksi dengan tugas self-control sederhana berupa incongruent Stroop task (Fritz & Dreisbach, 2013). Afek negatif, rasa sakit, dan selfcontrol berada pada area anterior cingulate cortex yang membantu subjek menilai sejauh mana suatu stimulus berpotensi menghasilkan imbalan dan hukuman, serta merencanakan respons adaptif yang harus segera ia tampilkan (diskusi lebih lanjut, lihat Medford & Critchley, 2010).…”

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Feeling Full or Empty Inside? Peran Perbedaan Individual dalam Struktur Pengalaman Afektif

Yusainy

2017

jpsi

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Abstract. Literatures on alexithymia and rumination are typically separated; however, the negative manifestations of both traits can potentially be attenuated by trait self-control. This experiment (N = 85) aimed to explore the dynamics of self-reported alexythimia, rumination, and self-control toward an individual's structure of current affect. Participants were asked to rate affective valence and arousal of 60 stimuli from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) using Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). Results indicated that (1) trait alexythimia, rumination, and self-control were intercorrelated, (3) subtraits in alexythimia and rumination were associated with hypersensitivity towards affective stimuli, and (3) negative affect was prerequisite to the activation of self-control. This finding highlights that the roles of individual differences on affective experiences are context-dependent upon the combination of affective valence and arousal.Keywords: arousal; trait alexithymia; trait rumination; trait self-control; valence Abstrak. Trait alexithymia dan rumination umumnya diteliti secara terpisah, namun dampak buruknya terhadap pengalaman afektif secara potensial dapat dihambat oleh trait self-control. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan struktur pengalaman afektif berdasarkan perbedaan individual dalam trait alexithymia, rumination, dan self-control. Pengalaman afektif partisipan (N = 85) dibangkitkan melalui teknik induksi visual International Affective Picture System (IAPS, 2008) yang mencakup 60 foto dari kombinasi dua dimensi afektif, yaitu valence (positif vs. netral vs. negatif) dan arousal (tinggi vs. rendah). Rating valence dan arousal diberikan dalam bentuk label non-verbal Self-Assessment Manikin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) terdapat interkorelasi antara trait alexithymia, rumination, dan self-control, (2) dimensi-dimensi pada trait alexythimia dan rumination memiliki asosiasi dengan hipersensitivitas terhadap stimulus afektif, dan (3) afek negatif dibutuhkan sebagai sinyal untuk mengaktivasi trait self-control. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi bahwa peran ketiga trait tersebut dalam struktur pengalaman afektif tidak muncul secara global namun bersifat kontekstual dari perspektif kombinasi valence dan arousal.Kata kunci: arousal; trait alexithymia; trait rumination; trait self-control; valence Unsur 1 fundamental apa yang menyebabkan manusia cenderung menggenggam erat hal-hal yang ia sukai, dan sebaliknya, menendang dengan penuh kebencian hal-1 Korespondensi mengenai isi artikel ini dapat dilakukan melalui: cleo.yusainy@ub.ac.id hal yang tidak ia sukai? Dalam perspektif Psikologi kontemporer, semua ide-ide kompleks, nilai, dan prinsip yang kita miliki, kenangan yang kita ingat, interaksi sosial yang kita bina, serta aspek-aspek lain dalam kehidupan tidak pernah bisa dilepaskan dari emosi-afek sebagai unsur

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Conflicts as aversive signals: Conflict priming increases negative judgments for neutral stimuli

Cited by 142 publications

References 63 publications

Stimulus conflict triggers behavioral avoidance

Stimulus conflict triggers behavioral avoidance

Conflict acts as an implicit cost in reinforcement learning

Feeling Full or Empty Inside? Peran Perbedaan Individual dalam Struktur Pengalaman Afektif

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