Confocal Raman Spectroscopy

Giridhar, G.; Manepalli, R. K. N. R.; Apparao, Gudimamilla

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-46140-5.00007-8

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…µCT is a non-destructive image technique that has been used to observe the inner structure of the formulations [ 134 ], making it possible to calculate the surface area, solid volume and open/close pores volume of formulations [ 171 ]. Confocal Raman microscopy is an innovative and highly sensitive technique that allows the identification of information about the components in the structure, using in tin samples [ 172 ]. In dosage forms produced by HME and 3D printing, confocal Raman has also been used to identify the crystallinity state of molecules [ 54 , 171 ] and to evaluate the spatial distribution of the components in the formulation [ 150 ].…”

Section: Quality Assessment Of Dosage Forms Produced By Hme and 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eudragit®: A Versatile Family of Polymers for Hot Melt Extrusion and 3D Printing Processes in Pharmaceutics

et al. 2021

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Eudragit® polymers are polymethacrylates highly used in pharmaceutics for the development of modified drug delivery systems. They are widely known due to their versatility with regards to chemical composition, solubility, and swelling properties. Moreover, Eudragit polymers are thermoplastic, and their use has been boosted in some production processes, such as hot melt extrusion (HME) and fused deposition modelling 3D printing, among other 3D printing techniques. Therefore, this review covers the studies using Eudragit polymers in the development of drug delivery systems produced by HME and 3D printing techniques over the last 10 years. Eudragit E has been the most used among them, mostly to formulate immediate release systems or as a taste-masker agent. On the other hand, Eudragit RS and Eudragit L100-55 have mainly been used to produce controlled and delayed release systems, respectively. The use of Eudragit polymers in these processes has frequently been devoted to producing solid dispersions and/or to prepare filaments to be 3D printed in different dosage forms. In this review, we highlight the countless possibilities offered by Eudragit polymers in HME and 3D printing, whether alone or in blends, discussing their prominence in the development of innovative modified drug release systems.

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Section: Quality Assessment Of Dosage Forms Produced By Hme and 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eudragit®: A Versatile Family of Polymers for Hot Melt Extrusion and 3D Printing Processes in Pharmaceutics

et al. 2021

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“…The localization of nanomaterials in the cells are studied through CRM as the Raman spectrum is recorded at every spot. The range of spatial resolution lies down to 1 μm 3 65 …”

Section: Raman Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopy based methods for characterization, drug delivery, and understanding the dynamics of nanoparticles

Gupta

Rai

Verma

et al. 2023

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Nanomedicine is an emerging field that exploits nanotechnology for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. Researches are been focussed in nanoimaging to develop noninvasive, highly sensitive, and reliable tools for diagnosis and visualization in nanomedical field. The application of nanomedicine in healthcare requires in‐depth understanding of their structural, physical and morphological properties, internalization inside living system, biodistribution and localization, stability, mode of action and possible toxic health effects. Microscopic techniques including fluorescence‐based confocal laser scanning microscopy, super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy and multiphoton microscopy; optical‐based Raman microscopy, photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography; photothermal microscopy; electron microscopy (transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope); atomic force microscopy; X‐ray microscopy and, correlative multimodal imaging are recognized as an indispensable tool in material research and aided in numerous discoveries. Microscopy holds great promise in detecting the fundamental structures of nanoparticles (NPs) that determines their performance and applications. Moreover, the intricate details that allows assessment of chemical composition, surface topology and interfacial properties, molecular, microstructure, and micromechanical properties are also elucidated. With plethora of applications, microscopy‐based techniques have been used to characterize novel NPs alongwith their proficient designing and adoption of safe strategies to be exploited in nanomedicine. Consequently, microscopic techniques have been extensively used in the characterization of fabricated NPs, and their biomedical application in diagnostics and therapeutics. The present review provides an overview of the microscopy‐based techniques for in vitro and in vivo application in nanomedical investigation alongwith their challenges and advancement to meet the limitations of conventional methods.

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“…Typical EC Raman experiments employ a confocal Raman microscope. A confocal aperture blocks light originating from outside the point focused with the microscope's optics [64]. It allows differentiation between signals from different positions under a variation of three positionable axes to change the proximity to the electrode and the position on the surface.…”

Section: Choosing the Right Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental guide to in operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy

Lenk

Schröder

2023

J Solid State Electrochem

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Electrochemical Raman spectroscopy can provide valuable insights into electrochemical reaction mechanisms. However, it also shows various pitfalls and challenges. This paper gives an overview of the necessary theoretical background, crucial practical considerations for successful measurement, and guidance for in situ/in operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy. Several parameters must be optimized for suitable reaction and measurement conditions. From the experimental side, considerations for the setup, suitable signal enhancement methods, choice of material, laser, and objective lens are discussed. Different interface phenomena are reviewed in the context of data interpretation and evaluation. Graphical Abstract

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Confocal Raman Spectroscopy

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Eudragit®: A Versatile Family of Polymers for Hot Melt Extrusion and 3D Printing Processes in Pharmaceutics

Eudragit®: A Versatile Family of Polymers for Hot Melt Extrusion and 3D Printing Processes in Pharmaceutics

Microscopy based methods for characterization, drug delivery, and understanding the dynamics of nanoparticles

An experimental guide to in operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy

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