Conformable Electronics: Integration of electronic functions into static and dynamic free form surfaces

Löher, Thomas; Seckel, Manuel; Haberland, Julian; Marques, Joao; Krshiwoblozki, Malte von; Kallmayer, Christine; Ostmann, A.

doi:10.1109/icsj47124.2019.8998743

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The TPU Platilon U4201 AU from BAYER was of particular interest for this work thanks to its similar mechanical properties compared to soft lenses, mainly based on 2‐hydroxy‐ethyl methacrylate. For instance, TPU's elastic modulus is only five times higher (10 vs 2 MPa) and their hardness are alike (Shore A87 vs Shore A85.6), whereas its maximum elongation is fifteen times higher (550% vs 43%) . Hence these akin properties assure the platform's mechanical integrity when subjected to tensile, shear and/or bending forces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Its relatively low glass transition temperature (around 120 °C) allowed the embedding and thermoforming of electronics systems, while maintaining their integrity. Additionally, its intrinsic stretchability allowed the realization of miniaturized platforms with comparable tensile properties (elastic modulus, tensile stress) and hardness of conventional soft contact lenses . Such characteristics are desired to assure maximum comfort during daily use (i.e., removing/inserting from/to the eye) and reduce delamination issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stretchable Electronic Platform for Soft and Smart Contact Lens Applications

Quintero

Verplancke

Smet

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Technologies

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A stretchable platform with spherical-shaped electronics based on thermo- plastic polyurethane (TPU) is introduced for soft smart contact lenses. The low glass transition temperature of TPU, its relatively low hardness, and its proven biocompatibility (i.e., protection of exterior body wounds) fulfill the essential requirements for eye wearable devices. These requirements include optical transparency, conformal fitting, and flexibility comparable with soft contact lenses (e.g., hydrogel-based). Moreover, the viscoelastic nature of TPU allows planar structures to be thermoformed into spherical caps with a well-defined curvature (i.e., eye’s curvature at the cornea: 9 mm). Numerical modeling and experimental validation enable fine-tuning of the thermo - forming parameters and the optimization of strain-release patterns. Such tight control is proven necessary to achieve oxygen permeable, thin, nonde- velopable, and wrinkle-free contact lenses with integrated electronics (silicon die, radio-frequency antenna, and stretchable thin-film interconnections). This work paves the way toward fully autonomous smart contact lenses potentially for vision correction or sensing applications, among others

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Electronic Platform for Soft and Smart Contact Lens Applications

Quintero

Verplancke

Smet

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…However, in the IME scenario, the decorated film is the assembled printed electrical foil. The process begins with a flat foil, followed by components assembly and thermoforming [28][29][30][31]. Following that, the formed film is then inserted into an IM cavity in such a way that its printed surface is exposed to the polymer melt front flow.…”

Section: Ime Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The integration of electronic circuits in plastics using injection technologies: a literature review

Bakr¹,

Bossuyt²,

Vanfleteren³

2022

Flex. Print. Electron.

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A great deal of attention has been paid in recent years to the integration of two and three-dimensional integrated electronic parts into plastics, both for their potential applications in modern human lives and for their outstanding properties, which include the ability to reduce product weight and space while increasing product reliability. The development of integrated electronic devices into plastics is advancing rapidly, owing to advancements in methodology and manufacturing techniques, which have significantly raised researcher interest in this topic. In-mold electronics (IME) is a term that describes an injection molding technology that integrates a printed foil with electrical components into a plastic part during the molding process. It is a revolutionary way to form two and three-dimensional products using electronic printed circuits. IME technology is comprised of three fundamental disciplines of study: electronics, materials science, and plastic manufacturing processes. Therefore, this review article aims to summarize the knowledge of these three primary fields to present an overview of in-mold technology. This article covers background history, a description of the In-mold process flow, and summarizes the recent real-life applications. Additionally, this article discusses some of the present technology challenges that must be overcome.

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Stretchable Conductive Inks with Carbon‐Based Fillers for Conformable Printed Electronics

Campos‐Arias,

Peřinka,

Costa

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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With the constant increase of electronic waste globally, society is demanding and governments are boosting the development of electronics with less pollutant materials and reduced environmental impact. One way to achieve this is to implement materials that are functional and structural at the same time, reducing material use and assembling parts. Further, printing techniques, such as screen printing, reduce considerably costs and time compared with conventional electronics; combined with methods to conform printed electronics to a 3D shape, such as thermoforming, allow to obtain nonplanar surface electronics simply and efficiently. Herein, screen‐printable inks made of styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene and different aspect‐ratio carbon‐based materials for conformable electronics are reported. The inks are prepared with carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and reduced graphene oxide as conductive fillers, printed on a flexible substrate and thermoformed. Carbon black and carbon nanotube samples are functional after the process, with conductivities of 96 and 141 S m−1 for the best performing sample of each filler, respectively. Rheological, morphological, thermal, and electrical properties of the materials are also characterized. This study shows the influence of the filler's type and aspect ratio on the morphology and electrical conductivity of the printed materials before and after thermoforming.

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Conformable Electronics: Integration of electronic functions into static and dynamic free form surfaces

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Stretchable Electronic Platform for Soft and Smart Contact Lens Applications

Stretchable Electronic Platform for Soft and Smart Contact Lens Applications

The integration of electronic circuits in plastics using injection technologies: a literature review

Stretchable Conductive Inks with Carbon‐Based Fillers for Conformable Printed Electronics

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