Conformal electrodeposition of poly(phenylene oxide) on TiO₂ nanotube arrays with high performance for lithium ion battery

Abstract

In order to improve electrochemical performances of lithium ion battery (LIB), electrochemical integration of the membrane with the electrode was accomplished by conformal electrodeposition of poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) on three-dimensional (3D) oriented TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TiO 2 NT). The as-synthesized PPO/TiO 2 NT membrane/electrode was investigated in terms of AC impedance, XPS, SEM, EDX, galvanostatic charge/discharge, rate performance, and cycle stability. As expected, PPO was indeed combined with TiO 2 NT via conformal electrodeposition; furthermore, the integrated PPO/TiO 2 NT membrane/electrode delivered much better rate performance than the traditional membrane/electrode, mainly attributed to large area of membrane/electrode/electrolyte, short ionic diffusion paths and fast ionic transport.

Composite sodium p‐toluene sulfonate–polypyrrole–iron anode for a lithium‐ion battery

“…Then, the chain propagation continued via the oxidation, coupling, and deprotonation until the final polymeric product was formed. Meanwhile, the anion (TsO − ) from the electrolyte penetrated into the polymer to compensate for the electrochemically induced charge imbalance at the electrode . The TsONa–PPy–Fe electrode was seemingly fabricated without the outer help of any polymer binders.…”

Electrodeposition of insulating poly(phenylene oxide) films with variable thickness

“…In this work we focus on the development of electrodeposited electronically insulating poly (phenylene oxide) (PPO) type polymer films. Electrodeposition of an ultrathin PPO film from the electro‐oxidation of phenol and phenol derivatives has been shown promising for various applications such as corrosion resistive coating including protective coating for battery electrode, or electrode modification to maximize the contact area in 3D batteries, ultrathin battery electrolyte, blocking layer for reducing the leakage current in supercapacitors, and gate dielectric in field effect transistors . PPO films have shown to be continuous over the electrode surface (i.e., pinhole‐free), insulating, hydrophobic, resistant to acids and mineral bases and conformal, allowing uniform film thickness over porous or 3D electrodes with good adhesion .…”

“…Most of the prior work on PPO films, however, dealt with film thicknesses of about a few nanometers (typically <10 nm) if no extraneous species were incorporated into the polymer chain . The thickness of electrochemically grown insulating polymers is limited due to the increase of the polymer electrical resistance as the film grows.…”