Conformal Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Sheath on Aligned Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds as High-Performance Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

Wu, Yang; Wei, Yang; Wang, Jiaping; Jiang, Kaili; Fan, Shoushan

doi:10.1021/nl3046409

Cited by 297 publications

(211 citation statements)

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“…Today LIBs are widely used and denote the battery of choice for a wide range of applications spanning from portable electronics to electric vehicles. [1][2][3][4][5] Although LIBs have shown impressive commercial success, an understanding of the intrinsic functioning of LIB electrodes and of their constituent component materials still represents a subject of significant research. In recent years, the use of energy storage devices has expanded into new areas, including with uninterrupted power sources (UPS), stationary storage batteries (SSBs), and the automotive market, the latter of which encompasses both electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, CNTs have been extensively studied as conductive additives in light of their high aspect ratios and proven superior mechanical and electrical properties (including favorable ballistic transport). 1 Although extensive research has been conducted in terms of generating CNT-Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites for the enhancement in electrode performance, to the best of our knowledge, there has not been any report to date, focusing on controlling and improving upon the nature of charge transport between the Fe 3 O 4 and the CNTs in terms of systematically engineering the nature of the molecular junctions between the two components. Herein, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) with average diameters of 8-10 nm and a loading ratio of 50 wt% have been anchored onto the MWNT sidewalls with three different attachment methodologies, namely (i) a physical sonication method, (ii) a covalent attachment protocol, and (iii) a non-covalent π-π interaction strategy.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Correlating Preparative Approaches with Electrochemical Performance of Fe₃O₄-MWNT Composites Used as Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries

Wang

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) with an average size of 8-10 nm and a loading ratio of 50 wt% have been successfully attached onto the external surfaces of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) by means of three different preparative approaches, namely a sonication method, a covalent attachment protocol, as well as a non-covalent π-π interaction strategy. Specifically, the Fe 3 O 4 NPs associated with the sonication method lie directly on the outer surfaces of the MWNTs. Particles covalently attached onto the MWNTs formed amide chemical bonds through the mediation of the amorphous (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) linker. Finally, particles were anchored non-covalently onto the underlying conjugated MWNTs via an aromatic 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) linker. Both structural and electrochemical characterization protocols have been used to systematically correlate the electrode performance with the corresponding attachment strategies. Fe 3 O 4 -MWNT composites generated by the π-π interaction strategy delivered 813, 768, 729, 796, 630, 580, 522, and 762 mAh/g under rates of 200, 400, 800, 100, 1200, 1600, 2000, and 100 mA/g, with 72% retention between cycles 2 and 80, demonstrating both higher capacity and better cycling stability as compared with analogues derived from the physical sonication as well as covalent attachment strategies. This finding may be attributed to the enhanced charge and ion transport coupled with retention of physical contact with the underlying MWNTs after a large volume change during cycling. Our collective results suggest that the non-covalent π-π attachment modality is a more effective preparative strategy for enhancing the performance of MWNT-Fe 3 O 4 composite electrodes after a full discharge process. Lithium ion battery (LIB) applications have experienced significant growth over the past two decades. Today LIBs are widely used and denote the battery of choice for a wide range of applications spanning from portable electronics to electric vehicles.1-5 Although LIBs have shown impressive commercial success, an understanding of the intrinsic functioning of LIB electrodes and of their constituent component materials still represents a subject of significant research. In recent years, the use of energy storage devices has expanded into new areas, including with uninterrupted power sources (UPS), stationary storage batteries (SSBs), and the automotive market, the latter of which encompasses both electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. Hence, the development of LIBs based upon the use of lower cost and more earth abundant materials embodies a highly desirable objective.As an electroactive material, the inverse spinel structure of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) epitomizes a particularly promising candidate for an anode material in LIB, due to its (i) significantly larger reversible capacity (i.e. 926 mAh g −1 , when reacting with eight lithium equivalents), (ii) plentiful earth abundance, and (iii) relative non-toxicity.

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Correlating Preparative Approaches with Electrochemical Performance of Fe₃O₄-MWNT Composites Used as Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries

Wang

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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“…The strategies to develop alternative anode materials with improved capacity have been achieved for several decades. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Among them, nanoscale metal oxides, including MnO, [9] SnO 2 , [10,11] Co 3 O 4 , [12] NiO, [13] and Fe 3 O 4 , [14,15] used as anode active materials for LIBs have been paid much attention attributed to their promising theoretical capacity. However, in most cases, the capacity decays rapidly as cycled due to high electrical resistivity and mechanism failure.…”

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Constructing MoO₂ Porous Architectures Using Graphene Oxide Flexible Supports for Lithium Ion Battery Anodes

Yao

et al. 2017

Global Challenges

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the theoretical capacity of graphite electrodes is 372 mAh g −1 , resulted in an obstacle for their potential applications. The strategies to develop alternative anode materials with improved capacity have been achieved for several decades. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Among them, nanoscale metal oxides, including MnO, [9] SnO 2 , [10,11] Co 3 O 4 , [12] NiO, [13] and Fe 3 O 4 , [14,15] used as anode active materials for LIBs have been paid much attention attributed to their promising theoretical capacity. However, in most cases, the capacity decays rapidly as cycled due to high electrical resistivity and mechanism failure. [16] Molybdenum oxide (MoO 2 ) is different from other metal oxides. It possesses metallic conductivity (its electrical resistivity is 8.8 × 10 −5 Ω cm at 300 K in bulk sample), with a theoretical capacity as high as 836 mAh g −1 . [17] However, the capacity of bulk MoO 2 is low due to sluggish lithiation/delithiation kinetics. [17][18][19][20] On the other hand, the nanoporous structure constructed with lots of interconnect nanounits to form numbers of nanoscale pore provides adequate spaces for electrochemical reaction and connected pathways for ion diffusion. [21,22] The nano-MoO 2 porous structures have been synthesized by using mesoporous silica as hard templates, followed removing this hard templates by hydrofluoric acid, [23] or by a sulfur-assisted decomposition process. [24] The prepared MoO 2 porous materials have displayed improved capacity for LIBs. However, the capacity fade after charge/discharge process is attributed to the pure MoO 2 skeleton that will be possibly collapsed. The cycle stability needs to be improved further. It should be desired for the MoO 2 porous structure with flexible supports via retarding the pulverization from pure MoO 2 skeleton.Carbon nanomaterials, especially, graphene with large specific surface area and high toughness, are suitable for both substrates and supports for MoO 2 electrode active materials. However, owing to graphene being liable to stack together, it is difficult to prepare well distributed graphene templated metal oxide architectures. The strategies, including solid-state graphenothermal reduction method, [25] microwave-assisted hydrothermal process, [26] and soft-templated hydrothermal method, [27] have been used to synthesize MoO 2 /C nanocomposites, exhibiting promising performance for LIBs. In our present

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“…Particularly, CNT networks are anticipated to be used in broader applications, such as reinforcements for lightweight and high performance composites, multifunctional membranes, electronics and electrodes for energy storage devices [2][3][4][5][6] . However, most assembled CNT networks are mainly based on weak van der Waals interactions between the CNTs in CNT arrays 7 .…”

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Sculpting carbon bonds for allotropic transformation through solid-state re-engineering of –sp2 carbon

et al. 2014

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Carbon forms one of nature's strongest chemical bonds; its allotropes having provided some of the most exciting scientific discoveries in recent times. The possibility of inter-allotropic transformations/hybridization of carbon is hence a topic of immense fundamental and technological interest. Such modifications usually require extreme conditions (high temperature, pressure and/or high-energy irradiations), and are usually not well controlled. Here we demonstrate inter-allotropic transformations/hybridizations of specific types that appear uniformly across large-area carbon networks, using moderate alternating voltage pulses. By controlling the pulse magnitude, small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes can be transformed predominantly into larger-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes of different morphologies, multi-layered graphene nanoribbons or structures with sp 3 bonds. This re-engineering of carbon bonds evolves via a coalescence-induced reconfiguration of sp 2 hybridization, terminates with negligible introduction of defects and demonstrates remarkable reproducibility. This reflects a potential step forward for large-scale engineering of nanocarbon allotropes and their junctions.

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Conformal Fe₃O₄ Sheath on Aligned Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds as High-Performance Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

Cited by 297 publications

References 45 publications

Correlating Preparative Approaches with Electrochemical Performance of Fe₃O₄-MWNT Composites Used as Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries

Correlating Preparative Approaches with Electrochemical Performance of Fe₃O₄-MWNT Composites Used as Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries

Constructing MoO₂ Porous Architectures Using Graphene Oxide Flexible Supports for Lithium Ion Battery Anodes

Sculpting carbon bonds for allotropic transformation through solid-state re-engineering of –sp2 carbon

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Conformal Fe3O4 Sheath on Aligned Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds as High-Performance Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

Cited by 297 publications

References 45 publications

Correlating Preparative Approaches with Electrochemical Performance of Fe3O4-MWNT Composites Used as Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries

Correlating Preparative Approaches with Electrochemical Performance of Fe3O4-MWNT Composites Used as Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries

Constructing MoO2 Porous Architectures Using Graphene Oxide Flexible Supports for Lithium Ion Battery Anodes

Sculpting carbon bonds for allotropic transformation through solid-state re-engineering of –sp2 carbon

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Conformal Fe₃O₄ Sheath on Aligned Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds as High-Performance Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

Correlating Preparative Approaches with Electrochemical Performance of Fe₃O₄-MWNT Composites Used as Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries

Correlating Preparative Approaches with Electrochemical Performance of Fe₃O₄-MWNT Composites Used as Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries

Constructing MoO₂ Porous Architectures Using Graphene Oxide Flexible Supports for Lithium Ion Battery Anodes