Conformal phased surfaces for wireless powering of bioelectronic microdevices

Agrawal, Devansh; Tanabe, Yasuko; Weng, Desen; Ma, Adrian; Hsu, Stephanie; Liao, Song-Yan; Zhen, Zhe; Zhu, Ziyi; Sun, Chuanbowen; Dong, Zhihui; Yang, Fengyuan; Tse, Hung‐Fat; Poon, Ada S. Y.; Ho, John S.

doi:10.1038/s41551-017-0043

Cited by 153 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The stability and transfer efficiency depend on the field distribution of the electromagnetic waves and therefore the antenna design is critical to ensure preferential radiation direction alignment with the implantable devices. Nevertheless, heating issues, penetration depth, and appropriate antenna size are critical challenges to be overcome …”

Section: Energy Transfer Devices Utilize Sources From the Surroundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Strategies and Device Architectures of Emerging Power Supply Devices for Implantable Bioelectronics

Huang

Wang

et al. 2019

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107

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Implantable bioelectronics represent an emerging technology that can be integrated into the human body for diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Power supply devices are an essential component of bioelectronics to ensure their robust performance. However, conventional power sources are usually bulky, rigid, and potentially contain hazardous constituent materials. The fact that biological organisms are soft, curvilinear, and have limited accommodation space poses new challenges for power supply systems to minimize the interface mismatch and still offer sufficient power to meet clinical‐grade applications. Here, recent advances in state‐of‐the‐art nonconventional power options for implantable electronics, specifically, miniaturized, flexible, or biodegradable power systems are reviewed. Material strategies and architectural design of a broad array of power devices are discussed, including energy storage systems (batteries and supercapacitors), power devices which harvest sources from the human body (biofuel cells, devices utilizing biopotentials, piezoelectric harvesters, triboelectric devices, and thermoelectric devices), and energy transfer devices which utilize sources in the surrounding environment (ultrasonic energy harvesters, inductive coupling/radiofrequency energy harvesters, and photovoltaic devices). Finally, future challenges and perspectives are given.

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Section: Energy Transfer Devices Utilize Sources From the Surroundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Strategies and Device Architectures of Emerging Power Supply Devices for Implantable Bioelectronics

Huang

Wang

et al. 2019

Small

107

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“…Energies 2019, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 16 has also been studied to use propagating fields in the electromagnetic mid-field regime for transferring power to the deeper tissue than conventional electromagnetic power transfer methods [24]. However, this method is also limited for the amount energy to be transferred and thus is not suitable for charging purpose.…”

Section: The Principle Of Electrocardiogram (Ecg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ECG is a record of the electrical activity of the device implantation location is limited since the difference in medium, such as different organs, have different acoustic impedances affecting the efficiency [23]. Metal patterning has also been studied to use propagating fields in the electromagnetic mid-field regime for transferring power to the deeper tissue than conventional electromagnetic power transfer methods [24]. However, this method is also limited for the amount energy to be transferred and thus is not suitable for charging purpose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wireless Power Transfer Based Implantable ECG Monitoring Device

Kim

et al. 2020

Energies

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Implantable medical devices (IMDs) enable patients to monitor their health anytime and receive treatment anywhere. However, due to the limited capacity of a battery, their functionalities are restricted, and the devices may not achieve their intended potential fully. The most promising way to solve this limited capacity problem is wireless power transfer (WPT) technology. In this study, a WPT based implantable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring device that continuously records ECG data has been proposed, and its effectiveness is verified through an animal experiment using a rat model. Our proposed device is designed to be of size 24 × 27 × 8 mm, and it is small enough to be implanted in the rat. The device transmits data continuously using a low power Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication technology. To charge the battery wirelessly, transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) antennas were designed and fabricated. The animal experiment results clearly showed that our WPT system enables the device to monitor the ECG of a heart in various conditions continuously, while transmitting all ECG data in real-time.Energies 2020, 13, 905 2 of 16 heart represented in a waveform and several features related to the cardiac cycle. Many heart diseases such as ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, hypertrophy, and cardiomyopathies can be diagnosed by analyzing ECG waveform features [4]. However, the symptoms of arrhythmia are not continuous and appear intermittently. Thus, accurate diagnosis of AF using ECG at the specific time of monitoring would be difficult [5].To increase the accuracy of AF diagnosis, various types of ambulatory ECG monitoring devices in the form of portable, patch, wearable, and implantable to enable continuous recording have been researched and developed [6]. Each type of those devices has different advantages and disadvantages. The portable Holter monitor can measure the most comprehensive 12 leads ECG using several electrodes for 24 to 48 h. While the Holter monitors have been used in hospitals successfully, it is difficult to use them in everyday life due to short operating time and the inconvenience of wires and gel electrodes. The wearable 1 lead patch-type devices have better usability for daily life monitoring, but they also have the disadvantage of using gel electrodes or adhesives despite being non-invasive and leadless. A wearable watch type device such as Kardiaband (AliveCor, USA) for Apple Watch has been proposed recently to enhance portability and mobility. However, those watch-type devices are only capable for on-demand measurement meaning that the ECG measurement is only performed when users initiate the measurement. The ECG measures the potential difference caused by polarization and depolarization in the heart, and thus two electrodes should be placed far from each other to increase the signal quality against noise. This implies the ECG can only be measured when the user touches the electrodes with both hands. Thus, convenience and continuity of measurement are yet to be solved by these device...

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“…Simulations show that when operating with the safe power limits, RF-antennas must be placed on the surface of the brain or in very shallow regions to harvest sufficient power for neural stimulation. "Mid-field" techniques (Agrawal et al 2017), improve the RF coupling efficiency enabling deep operation, but because this approach operates at a fixed frequency, individually addressable motes have yet to be demonstrated. Other techniques for wireless power delivery discussed previously, such magnetic induction, also cannot achieve deep, miniature, multichannel stimulation.…”

Section: Me Devices Can Be Individually Addressed Based Their Resonanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Montgomery et al and Ho et al have shown that one can use the mouse body as an electromagnetic resonant cavity to effectively transfer energy to sub-wavelength scale devices implanted inside the animal (Montgomery et al 2015;Ho et al 2015). This "mid-field" technique has also been further developed to use conformal phase surfaces to activate devices implanted in larger animals (Agrawal et al 2017). This approach is particularly effective to drive tiny LEDs for optogenetic stimulation in mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoelectric materials for miniature, wireless neural stimulation at therapeutic frequencies

Wickens

Avants

Verma

et al. 2018

Preprint

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A fundamental challenge for bioelectronics is to deliver power to miniature devices inside the body. Wires are common failure points and limit device placement. On the other hand, wireless power by electromagnetic or ultrasound waves must overcome absorption by the body and impedance mismatches between air, bone, and tissue. In contrast, magnetic fields suffer little absorption by the body or differences in impedance at interfaces between air, bone, and tissue. These advantages have led to magneticallypowered stimulators based on induction or magnetothermal effects. However, fundamental limitations in these power transfer technologies have prevented miniature magnetically-powered stimulators from applications in many therapies and disease models because they do not operate in clinical "highfrequency" ranges above 50 Hz. Here we show that magnetoelectric materials -applied in bioelectronic devices -enable miniature magnetically-powered neural stimulators that can operate up to clinically-relevant high-frequencies.As an example, we show that ME neural stimulators can effectively treat the symptoms of a hemi-Parkinson's disease model in freely behaving rodents. We further demonstrate that ME-powered devices can be miniaturized to mmsized devices, fully implanted, and wirelessly powered in freely behaving rodents. These results suggest that ME materials are an excellent candidate for wireless power delivery that will enable miniature bioelectronics for both clinical and research applications.

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Conformal phased surfaces for wireless powering of bioelectronic microdevices

Cited by 153 publications

References 28 publications

Materials Strategies and Device Architectures of Emerging Power Supply Devices for Implantable Bioelectronics

Materials Strategies and Device Architectures of Emerging Power Supply Devices for Implantable Bioelectronics

A Wireless Power Transfer Based Implantable ECG Monitoring Device

Magnetoelectric materials for miniature, wireless neural stimulation at therapeutic frequencies

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