Conformation dependency of nitric oxide synthesis of murine peritoneal macrophages by β-glucans in vitro

Subgrouping immunomodulating ?-glucans by monitoring IFN-? and NO syntheses

“…We also prepared the single helical conformer of SPG (SPG-OH) from the triple helical conformer and compared their characteristics. Recently, we demonstrated that SPG and SPG-OH showed different immunopharmacological activities, such as blood clearance [Miura et al, 1995], reactivity of limulus factor G [Nagi et al, 1993], and NO synthesis in vivo [Ohno et al, 1996a] and in vitro [Ohno et al, 1996b]. It has been also reported that β-glucans activate natural killer (NK) cells in vivo [Tsuchiya et al, 1989[Tsuchiya et al, , 1991; thus, we thought that β-glucans could induce cytokines, including IFN-γ, to enhance NO synthesis by themselves in vivo.…”

Characterization of β-Glucan Recognition Site on C-Type Lectin, Dectin 1

“…SPG (40), a 1,6-branched 1,3-␤-glucan from S. commune that has a triple-helix conformation, was purchased from Kaken Pharmaceutical Co. (Tokyo, Japan). Alkali-treated SPG (SPG-OH), which had a single-helix conformation, was prepared by diluting an SPG solution with an equal volume of a 1 M sodium hydroxide solution, followed by dialysis against phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (43). Grifolan (GRN) from Grifola frondosa (1) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum glucan (SSG) (45) are also 1,6-branched 1,3-␤-glucans.…”

Chemistry and Biology of Angiitis Inducer, Candida albicans Water‐Soluble Mannoprotein‐β‐Glucan Complex (CAWS)

“…We have previously reported that reactivity is significantly affected by the degree of branching, and that reactivity decreases with increasing degree of substitution (55). Moreover, high-molecular-weight β-1,3-D-glucans have been clearly shown to assume specific higher order structures in the form of triple helix and single helix structures in dilute alkaline aqueous solutions and suspensions (33,39,40). On the other hand, low-molecularweight β-1,3-D-glucans exist in the form of random coils (1).…”