Conformational-switch biosensors as novel tools to support continuous, real-time molecular monitoring in lab-on-a-chip devices

Abstract

We argue that the introduction of high-frequency, real-time biosensors into LoCs could be used to establish high-value feed-back control functionalities.

Harvesting and manipulating sweat and interstitial fluid in microfluidic devices

“…Continuous and real-time detection of proteins can be achieved with aptamers as the receptor element, but sensitivity will depend on the protein molecular weight, blood-to-ISF lag time, and changes in the local ISF environment. 67,171 Up to date, this concept has been demonstrated with blood 172 and ISF (with microneedles) 173 under a microfluidic setting.…”

Electrochemical Affinity Biosensors: Pervasive Devices with Exciting Alliances and Horizons Ahead

“…Furthermore, the use of nature-inspired bioreceptors produced by modern technologies (HaloTag, Phage display, and directed mutation) has been crucial in recent years for electrochemical affinity biosensing to (i) explore new biorecognition elements independently of their commercial availability; (ii) discover and test the clinical potential of new biomarkers and molecular signatures; and (iii) develop competitive bioelectroanalytical tools helping the implementation of precision medicine, therapy, and nutrition. These nature-inspired receptors include, among others, natural cell membranes, molecular switches (DNAs, aptamers or peptides, dually modified with a linker for immobilization on the electrode substrate, and a redox-active reporter that reversibly change between at least two conformations in response to the specific binding of a molecular target), inverted molecular pendulums (double-stranded DNAs containing at its distal end an antibody that recognizes the target analyte), − peptides, protein, viral antigens, and proteoforms (all of the different molecular forms in which the protein product of a single gene can be found).…”

High‐Precision Viral Detection Using Electrochemical Kinetic Profiling of Aptamer‐Antigen Recognition in Clinical Samples and Machine Learning

“…In the context of electrochemical biosensing, affinitybased assays using structure-switching aptamers overcome the need for washing steps and offer single-pot operation. [15][16][17][18] However, a large fraction of aptamers selected through systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), despite high affinity and selectivity, do not result in sufficient structural changes to translate target binding to a measurable electrochemical signal change. [19,20] As such there is an unmet need for universal aptamer-based electrochemical assays, structureswitching or not, that operate in a wash-free and single-pot manner.…”