Confronting sadness through art-making: Distraction is more beneficial than venting.

Drake, Jennifer E.; Winner, Ellen

doi:10.1037/a0026909

Cited by 83 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Nevertheless, this work highlights an interesting aspect of the puzzle by observing that listeners often feel displeasure due to painful memories whilst listening to music, but this affect is transformed into positive emotion (nostalgia, relief) afterwards. The identification of this "cathartic" experience has long 145 roots in philosophy (Smuts, 2009), but empirical evidence suggests that venting or cathartic processing is less efficient than distraction as a strategy for elevating mood after induced sadness [38]. Finally, it has been suggested that sad music may be experienced as pleasurable due to it's power to overcome cognitive dissonance often associated with negative emotions.…”

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confidence: 99%

An integrative review of the enjoyment of sadness associated with music

Eerola

Vuoskoski

Peltola

et al. 2018

Physics of Life Reviews

106

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Citation for published item:ierolD F nd uoskoskiD tF uF nd eltolD rFEF nd utkinenD F nd h¤ ferD uF @PHIUA 9en integrtive review of the enjoyment of sdness ssoited with musiF9D hysis of life reviewsF F Further information on publisher's website: httpsXGGdoiForgGIHFIHITGjFplrevFPHIUFIIFHIT Publisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractThe recent surge of interest towards the paradoxical pleasure produced by sad music has generated a handful of theories and an array of empirical explorations on the topic. However, none of these have attempted to weigh the existing evidence in a systematic fashion. The present work puts forward an integrative framework laid out over three levels of explanation -biological, psycho-social, and cultural -to compare and integrate the existing findings in a meaningful way. First, we review the evidence pertinent to experiences of pleasure associated with sad music from the fields of neuroscience, psychophysiology, and endocrinology. Then, the psychological and interpersonal mechanisms underlying the recognition and induction of sadness in the context of music are combined with putative explanations ranging from social surrogacy and nostalgia to feelings of being moved. Finally, we address the cultural aspects of the paradox -the extent to which it is embedded in the Western notion of music as an aesthetic, contemplative object -by synthesising findings from history, ethnography, and empirical studies. Furthermore, we complement these explanations by considering the particularly significant life meanings that sadness portrayed in art can evoke in some perceivers. Our central claim is that one cannot attribute the enjoyment of sadness fully to any one of these levels, but to a chain * Corresponding author Email address: tuomas.eerola@durham.ac.uk (Tuomas Eerola)Preprint submitted to Physics of Life Reviews November 10, 2017 of functionalities afforded by each level. Each explanatory level has several putative explanations and its own shift towards positive valence, but none of them deliver the full transformation from a highly negative experience to a fully enjoyable experience alone. The current evidence within this framework ranges from weak to non-existent at the biological level, moderate at the psychological level, and suggestive at the cultural level. We propose a series of focussed topics for future investigation that would allow to deconstruct the drivers and constraints of the processes leading to pleasurable music-related sad...

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confidence: 99%

An integrative review of the enjoyment of sadness associated with music

Eerola

Vuoskoski

Peltola

et al. 2018

Physics of Life Reviews

106

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“…For example, the 'flow state', a state of deep absorption, may improve wellbeing by providing temporary distraction from debilitating experiences or thoughts, or through the self-affirming nature of the experience itself and associated feelings of accomplishment. 16,17,18 Given the breadth of explanations for a link between art-making and health, the current study carefully selected indices of affect, cognition, self-regulation and state of consciousness, in order to evaluate changes in these following art-making in daily life.…”

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Using the experience-sampling method to examine the psychological mechanisms by which participatory art improves wellbeing

Holt

2017

Perspect Public Health

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The health benefits of participatory arts are increasingly recognised, with a growing evidence base. [1][2][3] Nevertheless, it is important to improve understanding of the mechanisms by which artmaking may improve health and wellbeing in order to both build supporting explanatory models and to improve the efficacy of public health interventions. This article focuses on art-making as a personal resource in everyday life and its associations with psychological indices of wellbeing (both 'in the moment' and longer term), in order to explore the psychological mechanisms by which art-making promotes wellbeing in this context. it does so using a novel protocol in the arts and health -experiencesampling methodology (eSM).

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“…Para ello se evaluó la relación entre los aspectos cognitivos y las emociones de los participantes al realizar una actividad gráfica encaminada a disminuir el estrés cotidiano. Siguiendo a Huss et al (2012) y Drake & Winner (2012a, 2012b, las actividades artísticas pueden ser usadas como un mediador que permite ya sea expresar o distraerse de los estresores. Nuestros resultados indican que ambos usos dan pie a la disminución tanto de las emociones como del estrés percibido.…”

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“…Desde este último se ha trabajado su reducción tras la inducción mediante estímulos adversos como películas (Drake, Coleman & Winner, 2011) e incluso trabajando con los propios estresores (Vanegas-Farfano, Quezada-Berumen & González Ramírez;. Mediante este tipo de investigaciones, se ha logrado aislar y corroborar los distintos elementos que están en juego durante este proceso: se sabe que existen distintas formas para manejar los estresores, los cuales se orientan a la solución del problema que lo origina o el dejar de atenderle (Aydin, 2010;Drake & Winner 2012a); y que esto se encuentra arraigado en las primeras formas de afrontamiento desarrolladas desde la infancia (Drake & Winner, 2012b).…”

Section: Efectos De La Actividad Artística En La Reducción Del Estrésunclassified

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Un modelo estructural sobre la reducción del estrés utilizando material artístico

Vanegas-Farfano

Ramírez²,

Hernández³

2017

Arteterapia

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Resumen. En este trabajo se analiza el uso de actividades artísticas (dibujo) como una forma de regulación del estrés psicológico y las emociones asociadas. Para ello 216 alumnos de una facultad de Odontología del norte de México, participaron en un estudio bajo una de seis condiciones experimentales, donde recordaron y trabajaron dibujos relacionados a sus estresores actuales o se distrajeron de estos. Se utilizaron la Escala de Estrés Percibido, la Escala de Afecto Positivo y Negativo y el cuestionario la actividad gráfica como herramienta. Los resultados confirman la reducción del estrés percibido asociado al uso de la actividad gráfica y una consecuente disminución de las emociones negativas al término de una única sesión en todas las condiciones experimentales. Palabras Clave: estrés percibido; actividad artística; regulación emocional; modelo estructural.[en] A structural model on stress reduction using artistic material Abstract. This work analyzes the use of artistic activities (drawing) as a form of regulation of psychological stress and the emotions that are associated with it. To this end, 216 students from a dental school in northern Mexico participated in a study under one of six experimental conditions, where they were sked to recall and work on drawings related to their current stressors or distract from them. The Perceived Stress Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale and a questionnaire related to graphic activities used as tools were implemented. The results confirm the reduction of the perceived stress associated to the use of the graphic activity and a consequent decrease of the negative emotions at the end of a single session in all the experimental conditions. Key Words: perceived stress; artistic activity; emotion regulation; structural model. Sumario

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Confronting sadness through art-making: Distraction is more beneficial than venting.

Cited by 83 publications

References 30 publications

An integrative review of the enjoyment of sadness associated with music

An integrative review of the enjoyment of sadness associated with music

Using the experience-sampling method to examine the psychological mechanisms by which participatory art improves wellbeing

Un modelo estructural sobre la reducción del estrés utilizando material artístico

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